1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?* militarism, imperialism, and nationalism played a big role* Arms race* Assassination in Sarajeu of Archduke Francis Ferdinand* Military alliances* MINSA2. What were the major alliances of WWI?* Central Powers-Triple alliance-Italy, Germany, and Autria-Hungary,Turkey, Bulgaria* minor- Belgium, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, Romania* Allied Powers-triple entente- Russia,France, and Great Britain* minor- ireland, montenegro,US, Italy, Japan,Canada, Australia, South Africa, India* US- wanted to stay neutral* didnt get involved until 1917* Italy changed from 1917 when US joined the War, they changed from central to allied3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?* Germany- become world power, remove france as competitor, obtain colonies in europe-middle east-and africa,* Austria Hungary-take control of serbia, angry because of assasination of archduke, stop serbian actions, protect the border between them and italy* Italy- gain control of Irredenta, acquire colonies from Germany, sided with allied powers* Turkey- unify their country, restore their dominance, expand the nation, gain resources and boost economy, stop destruction of Ottoman Empire* France- retake Alsace-Lorraine, wanted to weaken Germany's industrial power, emerge as European and world power, stabilize political system* Russia- remove germany as a challenger for land, become a military power again, be in command of Bosphorus Strait, help serbia with austria hungary, political influence in smaller countries* Great Britain-preserve their status as a superpower, stay ahead of other countries, had to weaken germany's military power, defend belgium and france, wanted land from germany* United States- wilsons 14 points, aimed for peace, keep germany from messing with U.S. shipping, make sure allied powers paid off debt, make the world "safe for democracy"4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?* Battle of Verdun, 1916- ten month long, between French and German armies. France won* First battle of Marne, 1914-france and UK against Germany, First WW1 battle, France won* Second battle of Yepres, 1915- took place in belgium, 1915, Between france, uk, canadam against germany, stalemate* First battle of Somme,1916-Somme, France, largest battle, between British and French against germany, stalemate* Battle of Champagne, 1914,- in france* Battle of Liege, 1914- Belgium vs. Germany, first land battle of the war, Germany won* Battle of Tannenberg, 1914-Russia vs. Germany, Germany wins because of russia miscommunication* Battle for Gallipoli, 1915- goals of allies are knock turkey out of war, and link with Russia, Turkey vs. russia, great britain, and france* Battle of Flers-Courcelette, 1916- France vs. Germany, first tank battle, allies captured flers, martinpuich, and courcelette, allies won5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?* Battle of Heligoland Bight, 1914- Great Britain vs. Germany, fought in North Sea, Great Britain Won* Battle of Dogger Bank, 1915- GB vs. Germany, fought in North Sea, GB won, not many died from GB,* Battle of Jutland, 1916-GB vs. Germany, fought right off Denmark, GB lost more ships and soldiers but won* Battle of Coronel, 1914- off the coast of Chile, Germany vs. Britain, Germany won* Battle of the Falkland Islands, 1914- Britain vs. Germany, British ship6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?* Woodrow Wilson issued a Declaration of Neutrality* American Farms and factories fed and armed alliesCauses for involvement* unrestricted submarine warfare* american propaganda* German dictatirship* zimmerman note* us business interestsSubmarine warfare* type of naval warfare* Germany sunk a french boat, the Sussex, killed 50 people* Sussex pledge- Germany pledged to limit submarine warfare* Germany sank the Lusitania* key reason for US involvementAmerican Propaganda* increase support for teh war* urged people to plant victory gardens, join the war, greater war productionZimmerman note*german foreign minister arthur zimmermann was the man who wrote it*was sent to german minister to mexico*german wanted mexico to go to war with america*american press printed it7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?* Battle of Aisne, 1917- France vs Germany, Germany won, US didnt fight in it* Belleau Wood, 1918, U.S.- British, US vs Germany* Cantigny, 1918- US and France vs. Germany, Allies won* Chateau-Thierry, 1918- US and France vs. Germany, Allies won, fought in france* Le Hamel, 1918- Australia, US, Uk vs Germany, allies won* Marne, 1918- France Uk US italy vs. Germany, allies won* Ypres, 1917* 100 days offensive, 1918- Allies vs. Germany and Austria-Hungary, bloodiest battle, allies won9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?* Schlieffen plan- Germanys plan, take france out of war by circling france* Hindenburg line- trench like thing, it was impenatrable, we broke through it* French plan XV11- entirely offensive, fighting spirit inside them, called for an advance by four french armies into alsace-lorraine* Austria Hungary plans b and r-defend against russia and serbia* Russia plan 19- attacked germany and thought they were going to be invaded so they fell back but then pushed them back* American- neutrality10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?* Rifles and Pistols-Main weapons in trenches(15 rounds a min)* -Bolt Action rifles, Lebel M1886, Mauser Gewehr, Lee enfield* -Machine Guns, needed 4-6 men to work and on flat surfaces, Gerdner machine gun, hotchkiss, lewis gun, browning machine gun, vickers machine gun, maxim machine gun* -Artillery, Big bertha, howitzer, skoda 30.5, mills bomb* -Tanks, little willie-1st tank, char Schneider, mark 1, mark V, the whippet* -Chlorine gas, burning in throat and chest* -mustard gas, deadly 12 hours to take affect, internal and external bleeding* -Submarines, coastal operations, torpedos* -Aircrafts, planes, zeppelin-airship used for bombing raids* -bayonet, trenches11. Describe trench warfare.* immune to small arms fire and some artillery* slow wearing of enemies* area between trenches "no mans land"* suffered shell shock12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWIWomen at home* played a huge roll in planting victory gardens* took over mens jobs* involved in knitting socks and clothingAmerican Propaganda* wilsond administration issued the propaganda commitee* CPI issued pamphlets and films to start war propaganda* speeches* posters about conserving meat and foodAnti-German activityAmericanizationRights-crippling actsStatus of women- began workingBetter working conditionsVigilantismDepartment of Labor increased warfare materialsFood and Drug administrationWilson established over 50,000 new agenciesyoung men joined army13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.* january 18, 1918* End to secret treaties* freedom of the seas* free trade for all countries* disarmemant* end to colonial claims* self determination for all countries-russia,* Restoration of Belgium* Restoration of France* Readjustment of Italy's boundaries* Austri-Hungary would be given an opportunity for autonomous development* Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored* Turkey should be sovereign* Poland would be given their independence* The League of Nations would be developed14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.* Palace of Versailles located in Paris* brought new nations Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia* made Germany upset because they wanted the 14 points* had to return colonies in Pacific* no army ish* Germany signed but US didnt* Germany had to pay 33 billion to allies15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?* between democrats and republicans* Wilson didnt want to be in all of the European wars* Probably should of been involved16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?* U.S. involvement* Technology* greater resources and money* naval and army powers17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.* Germany was punished the most* led to economic downfall* Many other countries gained land* Austria-Hungary was broken into many parts* Turkey- ottoman empire broke up, didnt pay very much money* France wanted to make Germany pay, switched to wartime economy18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
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