Ch. 5.1:-Describe Native American culture.*Tribes: Osage Iowa Sioux Cheyenne*hunters and gatherers*horses were given to tribes in New Mexico in 1598-wores broke out due to this*kuved ub snakk extebded family groups*young men trained to be hunters and warriors*young women butchered game and prepared hides*tribes controlled by nultiple people-Why did settlers/people move to the Great Plains?looking for gold silver and other richesmanafest destiny saying they had the god given right to move west-How did the US gov't deal with Native Americans in the mid to late 1800's? What were their policies?We pushed them into certain areas. reservation systems were their policies-Describe a cowboy's life.At least 5,000 worked on ranches between 1866-1885.Most worked 10-14 hours on ranches or 14 hours or more on cattle trails.Season began with rounding up as many longhorns as possible.Kept them fencedin until they wuold rather eat than run away.Ch. 5.2:-How did railroads and the Homestead Act help settle the Great Plains?- from 1850-1871 fedeal.-1862 congress passed the homestead act-offered 160 acres of land free to any citizen who head of household to establish a farm-1862-1900 600,000 families took the chance-thousands were exodusters, african americans who moved for the reconstruction south to kansas-only 10% of land was actually settled by families the rest was taken advantage of by land speculaters who -later sold it for a ton of money when they got it for free-Iowa & Minnesota, was enough but western needed more for farming-What challenges did settlers face on the Great Plains?drought, lack of water, fires, blizzards, insects, locust plagues, floods, non fertle landwoman would work beside their husbands-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?not fertle land, farmers did bonanza farms; enormous farms of the same crop so they experienced droughtCh. 5.3:-What problems did farmers face on the Great Plains?farming land became very scarce because farmers were in debt and the banks closed their farms-Who were the Populists and what did they believe?populism is the moement of peopledemanded reforms to lift debt of farmers/other workers and a greater voice in governmentwhat they wanted:-increase in money supply-graduated income tax(the more money you make the more taxes you pay)-federal loan program(to give money to farmers to help them keep their farms)-single terms for presidents(so they could get someone that wasn't for big businesses)-secret ballot-8 hour work day-restriciton on immigration(immigrants would accept a lower pay and so they couldn't get raises because they would just trade them for an immigrant)Ch. 6.1:-What caused the Industrial revolution to really take off in the late 1800's?Wealth of natural resourcesavalibilitly of coal, steel, and irongovernment support for business (laissez-Fairre, governments gonna let business do as they please)-What were some new inventions in the late 1800's and what affect did they have on people's lives?Internal combustion engine,Dynamitetypewriter- they didn't have to write things by hand anymore but they couldn' t saveelectric motortelephone- it made the world a lot smaller, it was one of the bigger inverntionsfans- they didn't have ac it was the first time they could be cooled.1840's americans started using kerosene for fuelCh. 6.2:-What impact did railroads have on the US?*it was an easier way to the west*brought available land,*adventure,*a new start*helped divelop the country we have today.*Bad thing happened to such as death.*Railroad workers died form many things deaths from Indians, disease, and accidents were the most major thing-Why were many people upset with the railroads?farmers were upset because of the misuse of the land grantsRailroad land was supposed to be given to farmers but instead railroad companies would give it to other railroad companiesrailroad companies would also enter in formal agreements for fixed prices with kept farmer in dept-What did the Grangers or government do to regulate the railroads?grangers were a group of people usually poor people or farmers and they formed group that fought back against the failroadsgranger laws were set up in response to the abuses by the railroadsgranger laws set up in response to the abuses by the railroadsthe government also fought against railroads by making lawsthe farmers labor union basiclythe Inerstate Commerce Act (government act allowing the govenment to regulate the railroads)Ch. 6.3:-Tell me about Andrew Carnegie.born in Dunfermile, Scottlandmoved to us in 1846 he was 12by 18 he had a job as a personal secretary: Superintendent of Penn. Railroadsingle handedly untangled a snare of passanger and freight trainsCarnegie Steel opened his first steel mill in 1875-Tell me about John D. Rockefeller.born on july 8th 1839 Richford, NYraised money growing up by raising turkeys and doing hosehold choresby 16 he had his first real job. An assistant book keeper at a library.already showed early signs of being a major player in businessin June 1870 Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio-What was Social Darwinism and how did it apply to business?The process of natural selecton applied to businessHerbert Spencer was the first man to apply the process to businesshe used to it to explain how guman society was evolvingeventually people started using it to justify the doctrine of Laissez Faire-Explain how companies formed monopolies(vertical/horizontal integration, trusts).a monoply is when one company controls almost all business involving a good or servicestandard oil, microsoft, etc.vertical and gorizontal integration and trusts were the most common tactics for monoplies-How did the government try to regulate business?Sherman Anti-trust Actthe Doctine stated: The marketplace couldn't be regulated because it was controlled by natural lawthis was supported by many people including william G Summer, a professor at Vale-What are labor unions and what is their purpose?Group of workers joining together for a certain causeblacks, whites, men, women, children all were involvedto get better working conditions was there goal. Fewer hours, better pay etc.Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain/Give examples.labor unions did not succeed at first because nobody took them seriously because everyone was scared to join and loose their jobKnights of LaborThe WobbliesCh. 7.1:Why did immigrants come to the US?-At first they were called birds of passage adn they temporarily immigrate to the US to earn money and then go backpromise of a better lifeescape femineland shortagesreligios/political persecutionpush & pull FactorsWhere did immigrants come from?1870-1920 europeans1907 Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Russia1851-1883 chineeseMexicoCubaPuerto RicoJapanJamaicaWhat problems/issues did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?steamship (small confined areas, culdn't get much air, slept in lice infested bunks, disease spread quickly)Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?Because it was one of the major immigration station in the US (Elise Island)They had to pass a physical examHad to have at least 25 dollarsHarsh questioninglong detention waiting to answer the questions (Angel Island)people didn't like them for being immigrants-they felt that the immigratants were taking jobs from americans because they would accept less payCh. 7.2Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?cities were the cheapestoffered unskilled laborers steady jobsschoolsreligion, culture, tradition, languagemigration from country to cities, farmers lost their jobs so they had to find work in the citiesWhat problems did cities fact due to the rapid increase in population?their wasn't alot of housing1879 government passed a law saying houses had to have airshafts, garbage pickup, and plumbingtransportation- 1873 street cars came, 1897 electric subwayswater- 1870's filtering and chlorination was introducedsanitation- sewage, manure, smoke, garbagecrime- police forse started in 1844 because of all the crime that was happeningfire- no water, wood hosing, candles, peoposed fire, 1900 full time fire department, 1874 automatic fire sprinkler, replace wood housingWhat did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?Jane Adams- beleived that the settlement houses would help all the problems of the cities because the workers would know how to help the ptoblemsShe set up the Social Gospel Movement - group that tried to reach out to the people that were living in povertyCh. 7.3the gilded age- to be covered with gold, on the outside things looked great (military getting better, new inventions) inside things were horrible and had to get fixed (farmers were in debt, cities were a mess)What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?organized group that controlled the activities of a political party and also offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or finantial supportthey helped the city by buliding parks and other places like thatIt was like a perimid*base were local workers and captains who gained voters support*ward bosses helped the pooor to gain their vote*at the top was the city boss who controlled the activities for the political party*political boss was the head of the political machineTell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.William M Tweed or Boss Tweed became the head of Tammany Hall New Yorks powerful Democratic political machin in 1868was accused of 120 counts of fraud and extortion and as sentenced to 12 years in jail later reduced to 1 yearafter he left he was arrested for another charge and escaped durring his second sentenceTweed Ring- corrupt group of polititians lead by Boss TweedBoss Tweed drew the image of santa clauseWhat caused all this corruption in government?patronage/spoil system- the giving of government jobs to people who had helped a canidate get electedWhat laws came about to reform government?Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883-they had to take a test and prove themselves to be given a jobUlysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?Stalwart VS. Half-Breedsstatus-quo ReformersUlysses S. Grantnot very good presidentStatus- QuoRutherford B Hayes-elected president in 1876he was a reform presidentset up a commissin to investigate teh nations customhouses which were corruptGrover Cleaveland-he was the canidate who was elected when the democratic pary won a presidential election for the first time in 28 yearshe was a reform presidenttried to lower tariff rates but congress refused to supportChester A Arthur-was on of Conklings (a corrupt rich guy) supporterswas nominated by republicans to balance out Garfields ties to reformershe was a Status-Quo then chanted to a reformBenjamin Harrison-he was status quowas the grandson of president william henry harrisonhis campaign was financed by large contrubutions from companies that wanted tariffs higherJames A Garfield-was status quote then turned reformwas the ohio congressmenwhen neighter the stalwarts or reformers could winCh. 8.1:-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?skyscraperselectric transit-trolly cars, suburbssteel cable suspended bridges bringing cities togetherbuilt parks to butify the cityCh. 8.2:-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?1890 literacy rate increased to about 90%1865-1895 states passed a law saying students between the ages of 8 to 4 to go to school 12 to 16 weeks anually1860-1890 cathloic schools started from the european immigrants that settledCh. 8.3:-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.Ch. 8.4:-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.Ch. 9.1-Define the Progressive Era and why it started(goals).Progressive Era- Period of time from the late 1890 to 1920 when our country made a lot of progress helping the common person out.Goals- Protecting social welfare- soften harsh conditions of industrialization, the social gospel,christian movement to help people out, and settlement movementpromoting moral improvement- improving the lives of the poor people, immigrants and poor city dwelerscreating economic reformfostering efficiency-What is prohibition? Why did people want prohibition to come about? What tactics were used to bring about prohibition?The banning of alcoholProhibitionish feared that alcohol was undermining the american moralswomen wanted this because their husbands would beat them leave themtemperance is equal to prohibitionwomen went into saloons singing, proaying and urging them to stop selling alcohol, carrie nations hatchettations-Describe the impact aid organizations had on our country.YMCA- Young Mans Christian Assosiation- opened libraries, sponsored classes, built places for them to have something to do.-What did the 18th Amendment do and why did people want it?prohibition which outlawed alchol to get rid of bad situations-What is socialism? How was it started in the United States?the economic system the government owns and controls capital and sets prices and production levels, people liked this because it made things more equal on how much was produced and how much money was made.Ugine V Debs started it-What/who were muckrakers and what impact did they have on our country?magazine journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business and public lifechanged electionsreports corrupted city and state levelsEX. Upton Sinclair- wrote a book about the horrible way things were made in food place facorties like everything was thrown into hambergers, it made the food inspection-What did local government do to reform itself during the Progressive Era?reforming local government-natural disasters-city councils-5 members took charge, rebuilt the town-What did businesses do to bring better efficiency to their business?breaking it down into small partsassembly linesincreased peyreduced hoursFord was the first peoson to pay his workers more money so his workers were happy and would work harder-What did the progressives do to make the workplace safer?child labor laws, shortened working hours-What did the progressives do to help end or reduce child labor?Illinois Factory Act.- prohibited child labor, limited womens working hours-What did progressives do to help workers reduce the number of hours they had to work?1908 Muller vs. Oregonassisted by Florence Kelly and Josephine-What did progressives do to bring about better wages for workers?\minimum wage laws were passed so wages went up-What did progressives do to make our country more democratic?1) 17th Amendment2)19th amendment- womans right to vote3) recall- if a govoner of a state is doing a poor job you can get them recalled or kicked out and replaced4) referendum- took power away from the state and gave it to everyone else, allows the people to get things done if the government is failing them5) initiative- if the governments doing something wrong you can start a bill6) Direct Primary- we choose who we want to run for president7) Sectet Ballot- only you know who your voting for so your not intimidated to vote either way-What did the 17th Amendment do?adopted in 1913provides for the election of US senators by the people rather than by state legislaturegave american's more of a voice-laws, election legislators, increased women intoCh. 9.2-Describe the major social changes that affected women during the Progressive Era.women got the right to vote, started going to collage more, and working outside the home-Describe women's push for suffrage(voting) and the passing of the 19th Amendment.Susan B Anthony pushed hard to protest that women couldn't vote.Elizabeth Cady Stanton-forunded NWSA- got the 19th amendment to pass-Describe some women who were leaders in the push for suffrage and temperance.Susan B. Anthony-founded the national women suffrage association-a leader- mind set that women could voteElizabeth CAdy Staton-got the 19th amendment to passCh. 9.3-Describe the major accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt as President.making the square deal-Square Deal- represents a fair bargain explaining all sides of an argument- helped him win 1904 election-Breaking up strikes-after 5 months coal reserves were low and roosevelt settled the strike- eventually got 10% raise adn 9 hour day but had to give up demand for closed shop-Regulating railroadsRoosevelt's real goal was federal regulationpassed acts to help regulate railroads-Regulating food and drugsMeat Inspection Act in 1906 made strict requirements for meatpackers to be more cleanlythe government had to pay for the enspection and the company did not have to label date of processingpure food and drug act pased in 1906 which halted the sale of contaminated food which called for truth in labeling-Conservationsaving land and resourceslate 19th century people were careless and didn't help our environmentRoosevlet helped byset asode 148 million acres of forest reservesset aside 1.5 million acres of water-power sitesanother 80 million acres of land to explore for mineral and water resourcesestablished 50 million-Civil Rights1905 had a civil rights confrence in Niagra Falls1909 African Americans joined with prominent freformersin New York to found the national association for advancement to colored peoplehad over 6,000 mimbers by 1914Ch.9.4-Describe the major accomplishments and problems of William Howard Taft's presidencybroke up many trusts - standard oilstrengthening the Interstate Commerce Commission( railroada) they investigated railroads to make sure they were fareimproving the postal servicepassed the Payne Aldrich BillProblems-never wanted to be presidenthe wasn't Teddy Roosevelt- he was out of shape and not a very good speakerpromisied to lower tarriffs but never did-Payne-Aldrich Tariffwas a set of tax regulations, that failed to reduce tariffs on manufactured goodslowering certain tarrif on goods entering the united statesthe debte over the bill caused the republicans to splitthe republican splitinto two groups called Old Guards and progressivesprogressives stopped supporting taft believesthat led the split party to lose the 1910 congressional election-Land disputes-Breaking up trusts-You will have to look elsewhere for some other accomplishments as the book is limited-Break-up of the Republican Party-Describe the outcome of the 1912 Presidential Election.wilson won because the republican party was split into two people and there was only one person running for democrat so all democrats voted for himwilliam taft was the represented for the republican partytheodore foosevelt createdelection offered between: wilson's new freedomtafts conservationsmroosevelt's progressivim eugene u deds socialist party policieswilson won with only 42 percent of the poular voteCh. 9.5-Describe the major accomplishments/issues of Woodrow as President.-Breaking up trustsClayton Antitrust Actwas to prohibited corporations from performing a monoplyif a company ciolated this law officers could be prosecutedthis act was to strengthen the sherman antitrust actit also specified in trying to help the labor unions and the farm organizationsit also made strikes,boycotts, and peaceful picketing legal-Underwood Tariff-16th Amendment-Federal Reserve System-Limits to Progressivism under Wil
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