Weapons and Strategy
-bow and arrow, swords, catapults.
Key players
-Genghis Khan - military leader with unbeatable and matched strategies.
-Kublai Khan - ruled over Yuan Dynasty in China. Grandson of Genghis Khan
Marco Polo - interested in Kublai Khan with his stories.
Lasting Effects in Iran
-the economy declined
-the Mongols didn't accept Islam, but the leader converted to Islam in 1295.
-the Mongols killed many people and destroyed the civilization.
-Took Iran many centuries to recover from the invasion
created a trade route with Europe and Asia.
Math and Science
Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi
-Muslim mathematician and astronomer
-Introduced Hindu-Arabic numerals
-Concepts of Algebra and Algorithms
Ibn al-Hajthan
-Alhazen was a Muslim scientist and polymath
-called his name after his birthplace
-either Persian or Arab
-Contributed to the principles of optics, physics, astronomy, math, scientific method.
-Tried to regulate floods of the Nile but failed. Retired from engineering. Became mad. Placed under house arrest and devoted his life to scientific work.
Optics
-Alhazen studied the structure of the eye and correctly described the process of vision.
-book contains the oldest existing diagram illustrating the eye and its connection to the nervous system. labels are still used today.
al-jabr
-Arabic for "the compendious book on calculation by completion and balancing."
-math book written in Arabic
-Muhammad wrote it. The word "algebra" comes from al-jabr
Literature
The Book of One Thousand and One Nights
-collection of west and south asian stories and folk tales
-collected over many centuries by various authors, translators, and scholars.
-Known as the Arabian Nights in English
King Shahryar
-Fictional Persian King
-Known for executing wives after marrying them so they couldn't betray him..
-First wife had relations with slave.
Shahnameh
-long epic poem written by the Persian poet, Ferdowski, between 977 and 1010 AD
-National epic of Iran and related societies.
Consists of about 60,000 verses
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