Military Conquest
- the Maurya Empire was founded after the death of Alexander the Great
- the first three emperors were Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara Maurya, and Ashoka Maurya
- all 3 were able to gain land
Maurya Empire Military
- 9,000 elephants
- 8,000 chariots
- 30,000 cavalry
- 750,000 soldiers
- war elephants had swords on their trunks
Gupta Empire
- Chandra Gupta was dying and he told his son to rule the world
- His son went on a extreme military campaign
- he conquered Bengal, Nepal, Assam, Malava, and eventually Ujjayini
Gupta Empire Military
- 500,000 infantry
- 50,000 cavalry
- 20,000 charioteers
- 10,000 elephants
- navy with more than 1,200 ships
- at its height they had more than 3/4 million soldiers
Buddhism
Stupas
- mound like structure
- typically the ashes of deceased
- used by Buddhists as a place of meditation
- five types of stupas:
- relic: remains of Buddhist leaders
- object: objects that belonged to Buddhist leaders
- commemorative: commemorative events in life of Buddha and his disciples
- symbolic: symbolizes aspects of Buddhist theology.
- votive: constructed to commemorate visits or to gain spiritual benefits
Theravada
- is the oldest surviving Buddhist branch
- the more conservative of the two major traditions of Buddhism
- It is practiced mainly in Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos
Buddhism
- Historians estimate that the founder of Buddhism is Siddhartha Gautama commonly known as Buddha
- its a religion home to the Indian subcontinent that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings where the people worshiped Buddha
- Buddha is recognized as being an awakening and enlightening teacher
- thought of more as a 'way of life' than religion
- Practice meditation
- The Four Noble Truths: the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering
- believe in karma, which in turn determines reincarnation (believe after death that they will be reborn again)
- There are six planes in which they can be reborn. Into the 3 fortunate realms and the three unfortunate realms
- Three fortunate realms: the realm of demigods, the realm of gods, and he realm of men
- Three unfortunate realms: of animals, ghosts, and hell - suffer untold suffering, the suffering of the realm of man is far less
Buddhism and Hinduism Art
Buddhist Art
- originated from Indian subcontinent
- spread from contact with other cultures throughout Asia
- Influenced the development of Hindu art
- Buddhist art flourished and even influenced the development of Hindu art
- Buddhism almost disappeared in India around
- worked with brick, wood, thatch, and bamboo
- mad stone railings, gateways, and sculptures, stupas
- painted scrolls
- made images of nature
- god/goddesses
Behind Hinduism Art
- according to the Hindu view, there were four goals of life on earth, and each human being should aspire to all four
- everyone should aim for dharma, okama, or human and rightous living; Artham or wealth acquired through the pursuit of a profession, exual love, and finally moksha or spiritual salvation
- Costume decoration
- perfumery
- jewelry making
- magic and illusions
- ointments for charm and virility
- manual dexterity
- skills of cooking, eating and drinking
- beverage and dessert prep
- sewing
- embroidery
Advancements in Medicine, Literature, math, astronomy
Medicine
- Ayurveda (life knowledge) is the ancient science of medicine that originated in India
- Used the practice of herbal medicine
- Believed the body ahas 3 types of energy that controlled the body and affected health
- Vata, Pitta, and Kapha
- Surgery
- Sushruta came up with 120 surgical instruments, 300 procedures and 8 surgery classifications
Literature
- greatest time for poetry and drama
- well known writer of this time was Kalidasa
- was an Indian dramatist and poet
- classical Sanskrit writer
- Sanskrit- classical language in India
- 2 categories of Lit
- Sruti and Smriti
- Sruti- listened to or heard
- Smriti- remembered or memorized
Math
- decimal number system still used today was first developed by India
Astronomy
- used stars and planets to create astrological charts
- calculation of occurrences of eclipses
- determination of earths circumference
- theorizing about the theory of gravitation
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