5-8-13

[3Tina]

Vietnam:

• 1950-1975
• goals:
  • stop communism
• The french Connection:
  • France gained control of Indochina in the mid late 1800s
  • during WW2 France worked with Japanese control Indochine
  • Japanese surrender
  • Korean War just ended
• Ho Chi Minh
  • tried to get independence
  • tried to start a communist revolution
  • enemy in the war
• Geneva Conference-1954
  • set up elections to unify the country by July, 1956
  • neither side wanted to lose so elections never happened
• Vietman was partitioned at the 17th parallel
• North was ruled by Ho Chi Minh
• in 1955, Ngo Diem became president of the South
• Ngo Diem: rich, catholic, hated French, anti communist, against Buddhists
• Who Fought?
  • United States Armed Fources
  • Army of Republic of Viet Nam
  • Vs.
  • Vietcong..NLF South Vietnamese (looked like everyday people)
  • Peoples Army of Viet Nam(PAVN)
• President Truman began US involvement by sending money to help French
• Eisenhower continued money but sent advisers
• Kennedy continued sending money and advisers as well as special operation soldiers
• Johnson sent more and more combat forces
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: several US ships were supposedly attacked
• gave Johnson a reason to get more involved in the War
• Johnson easily defeated Barry Goldwater in the 1964 election
• Johnson made it sound like we were never going to be involved as to Goldwater was talking about how they were going to get involved
• Johnson and General Westmoreland kept saying that we needed more soldiers to win
• most Americans believed it..at first
• Americans public faith was shattered on January 30, 1968 the Tet Offensive was attacked
• Tet Offensive was a festival
• we crushed the enemy military then huge offensive attack from enemy made it almost impossible for Americans
• Americans had an increasing sense that the government was misleading about war
• we were never allowed to invade the North..how do you win without invading?
• Anti-War
  • Why were we against it so much?
    • Tet offensive
    • Pentagon Papers
    • Injuring/killing innocent people
    • supporting bad government in the South
    • power of the press
• Napalm Attacks
• Kent St. in Ohio early 1970s
  • a protest got out of hand
  • people started to open fire
• My Lai Massacre March 1968
  • 504 Vietnamese people were shot killed and raped and brutally killed

  
  How people got out of serving.

• medical condition
• being rich
• going to college
• being homosexual
• fleeing to Canada

Nixon and Vietnam:

• Nixon called for the "vietnamization"(we pull out and let them fight it) of the war
• "peace with honor" we want peace and leave honorable
• gradually pulled US troops out and train the ARVN to take place in fighting in the North
• Expanded the war into Laos and Cambodia which lead to college protests
• he wanted to stop the supply of goods
• Jan. 15th 1973 war is over
• Paris Peace Accords were signed on Jan 27th 1973
  • fighting stopped
  • US pulled out of Vietnam
  • North and South would recognize each others independence
• peace agreement did not last
• in march 1975 North invaded the South
• south wasnt strong enough and fell apart
• July 2nd 1975 formed Socialist Republic of Vietnam
• Vietnam is still communist today

Deaths:

• US: 58,202
• ARVN:223,748
• NVA/VC: 1,100,000

War Powers Act: Protected being able to send troops anywhere with approval of the congress.

Test question are over:

7. What were the goals for the US during the Cold War?

8. What were some of the major events that took place during the Cold War?

-Berlin Blockade/airlift, Cuban Missile Crisis, Red Scare/McCarthyism, Space Race, Bay of Pigs, Berlin Wall, End of the Cold War

9. Why did the US go to war in Korea and Vietnam and what were outcome of those wars?

10. How did the Cold War come to an end?

11. Know these major major post-Cold War Events:

-JFK Assassination

-Watergate

-Iran Hostage Crisis

-Persian Gulf War(1991)

-9-11

-War in Afghanistan

-War in Iraq

-Civil Rights Issues(African Americans, Women)

Jimmy Carter democrat (39th)1977-1981:

• born in small town Georgia
• only president to receive  welfare checks
• grew up poor
• joined Navy
• took over fathers peanut farm
• he was senator and governor of Georgia
• received a Nobel Peace Prize after leaving office
• believed in equality of people