Ancient Russia
- The beginnings
- the early history of russia, like those of many countries, is one of migrating peoples and acient kingdoms
- early russia was not exactly Russia, but a group of cities that gradually merged into an empire
- a group of scandinavian people (varangians) crossed the baltic sea and landed in eastern europ. the leader of the varangians was the warrior rurik
- by 989, vladimir I was ruler of a kingdom that extended to as far south as the black sea, the caucasus mountains, and the lower reaches of the volga river
- he established a state religion
- he carefully considered a number of available faiths and decided upon greek orthodoxy, thus allying himself with constantinople and the west.
- he decided against islam partly because of his belief that his people could not liver under a religion that prohibits hard liquor
- Invasion
- "these terrible strangers have taken our country, and tomorrow they will take yours if you do not come and help us"
- in response to this call, Mstislav the Bold and Mstislav Romanovich the old joined forces and s et out eastward to meet the foe
- the russians were defeated in 1223 at the battle of the kalka river, a defeat remembered to this day in russia and ukraine
- the mongol invasion
- the mongol empire invaded kievan rus in the 13th century, destroying numerous cities including ryazan, kolomna, moscow, vladimir and kiev
- batu khan's full scale invasion of rus occurred from 1237 to 1240
- all russian states had to submit to mongol rule and became part of the golden horde empire; some of it lasted until 1480
- Nicholas II
- died july 16/17, 1918
- the last russian emperor (1894-1917)
- his wife, alexandra, himself and their children were killed by the bolsheviks after the october revolution
- cut the wages of the lower class that lead to the bloshevik revolution
- he was part of the Romanov dynasty that ruled russia since the mid 17th century
- bolshevik revolution
- they had three promises:
- peace
- bread
- land
- aka red october, the october uprising
- what: was a seizure of state power instrumental in the larger russian revolution of 1917
- they had three promises:
- led by the bolsheviks, who used their influence in the petrograd soviet to organize the armed forces
- bolshevik red guards forces under the military revolutionary committee began the takeover of government buildings on 24 october 1917
- the following day, the winter palace (the seat of provisional government located in petrograd, then capital of russia) was captured
- results
- bolshevik victory led to the creation of soviet russia
- end of russian provisional government, russian republic and dual power
- start of the russian civil war
- vladimir lenin
- was a russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist
- politically a marxist, his theoretical contributions to marxist thought are known as leninism, which coupled with marxian economic theory have collectively come to be known as marxism-leninism
- as the leader of the bolshevik faction of the russian social democratic labour party, he took a senior role in orchestrating the october revolution in 1917
- marx developed the theory of communism, and lenin put it into practice
2 paragraphs comparing and contrasting
communism vs democracycaptialism vs socialism
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