4/8/13

1^ST Coalition

1792-1797
Fought against revolting/revolutionizing France, and many other European countries
Was the first major effort of multiple European monarchies to contain Revolutionary France
Great Britain helped set up first monarchy
France declared war on the Habsburg monarchy of Austria on 20 April 1792 and the Kingdom of Prussia joined the Austrian side a few weeks later

Countries Involved

First Coalition: against France

*These countries liked the idea of a monarchy!

Opposing Side – against the monarchy

1^st Coalition

This war started off as France as the aggressor, even though many people assumed differently
At the beginning, France suffered some defeats by other countries and some issues with loyalist (internal issues)
Their response was to increase their size of their army
They made all man ages 18-25 “draftable” to fight in the war
However, the French were able to regroup and do much better fighting off the coalition
A few countries quit fighting against France in 1795. (Prussia and Spain even switched sides, like USSR did in WWII.)
Finally, in 1797, Great Britain was the only country still fighting against France
They quickly quit and France prevailed – won the 1^st Coalition

Results of the War

French Victory
Treaty of Campo Formio
Survival of the French Republic
French annexation of the Austrian Netherlands
Several French client republics established (sister countries)
Hostilities resume in 1798 with the formation of a Second Coalition against France

Treaty of Camp Formio

With the Treaty of Camp Formio, the Holy Roman Empire ceded the Austrian Netherlands to France and Northern Italy was turned into several French “Sister Republics”

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