Definition of cold war- political, strategic, and ideological struggle between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
Spread throughout the world- Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America
Discussion-
Communism vs. Democracy (political)
Socialism vs. Capitalism (economic)
Causes of Cold War-
Different political systems
- U.S. is based on democracy, capitalism, and freedom
- USSR is based on dictatorship, communism, and control
- Both thought they were in the right
- Stalin despised Capitalism
- Stalin Breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta Conference
- American fear of a communist attack (Red Scare) and USSR's fear of a US attack
- USSR's actions in their German zone
- USSR's goal to spread communism around the world
- This feeling of suspicion lead to mutual distrust and this did a great deal to deepen the Cold War
US goals of cold war
- Promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
- Promote democracy
Yalta Conference-
- Feb 1945
- Before the end of the WWII, Stalin CHurchhill and Roosevelt met at Yalta to plan what should happen when the war ended. They agreed to many Points:
- 1. Established of the United Nations
- 2. Germany divided in to 4 zones
- 3. Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe
- 4. Russia promised to join war against Japan
- Iron Curtain Speech- Winston Churchill gave speech about "iron curtain" referring to Soviet-Dominated Eastern Europe
- Domino Theory- if one country falls to communism in an area others will follow
- Policy of Containment- US foreign policy that if Communism is contained it will fall apart
- Truman Doctrine- Speech by Truman- give money and aid to Greece and Turkey to prevent them from falling to communism
- Marshall Plan-Americans aid Europe after WWII to stop the spread of communism and build up their economy for trade
- Brinkmanship- We act like we are going to Nuclear war to try to get the Soviets to back down even though we were never going to.
- Massive retaliation/ Mutual Deterrence/Mutual Assured Destruction- military straggly- if you have weapons of mass destruction and so does the other side you don't launch them because you know they can use it against them too.
- NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
- CIA- central intelligence agency of US, they gather info from other country's to protect US/ KGB- Soviet intelligence organization
- Peace full co-existence- don't have to like everybody but you can exist peacefully in the world without war.
- De-Stalinization- undoing what Stalin did
- Detente- easing of issues between countries- US and Soviet Union
- Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1963- banned nuclear testing above ground
- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968- Don't want nuclear weapons available to everyone, but you can use nuclear stuff for energy only
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Treaty- limited nuclear weapons (missiles)
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 1972- neither country can work on a program that can stop another country's launched missiles at them
- Perestroika-openness as in economy
- Glasnost- openness in gov't
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