US Homefront:
1. Selective Training and Service Act
-First peacetime drat in Us History
-Used until 1973 to fill military needs
-after 1973 US military depends on volunteers to fill needs
2. Women's role in WWII
-before the war women wore dresses stayed at home took care of kids and cooked.
-Rosey the Rivitor was poster child for women working in factories.
-younger girls went to work as waitresses and laundry while older ones worked in factories
-worked on farms.
-6 million women took wartime jobs for men, 3 million took red cross jobs.
3. African-American's role in WWII
-faced with racism so they fought even harder
-there were segregated forces
-Tuscugee Airman - black airforce and went on 200 missions and didn't lose 1 man
-Battle of the Bulge -
-African-Americans were thought to fight harder then whites to prove themselves
-did labor tasks
4. Asian's role in WWII
2 Famous groups:
Regimal
100th Italian - regulated supply routes
-put into camps after Pearl Harbor
5. Hollywood's role in WWII
-Made movies about the Nazi and tried to get hate towards the Germans
-When Warner Bros. came into play
-Bob Hope, born in Britain. Does comedies, sings, all that stuff. He worked with the US Armed Forces and USO. (united service organization) -worked to entertain the soldiers.
-Propaganda
USO: made to entertain the troops. from 41-47 the USO presented more then 400,000 performances
6. Office of Price Administration
-organization during WW2 and made sure prices weren't skyrocketing
-gave ration stamps and
7. War Production Board
-incuraged mass production of goods in factories
-incouraged not to waste time
-making stuff was very important part of winning the war
8. National War Labor Board
-helped the business men and workers get along
-aided in making sure things stayed productive
-looked over the communication and transpertation things
9. How the Homefront helped win the war
-worked hard
-made amunition and weapons
-women covered the mens jobs.
-mass production
10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats
-We built faster ships and attacked above the water
-HF/DF - like radar. we could now know where the ships were.
-air planes.
-convoy systems (surround yourself in fighter ships.)
-Ultra/Magic
-Explosive barrles. (depth charge attacks.)
-hunter/killer airplanes
11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic
-Ultra was the British Code name used for intercepting for German codes.
-they copied Germans machines
-Germany sent out stuff in codes
-Britain Chryptanalis was intercepting and dechiphering
-Magic was a Chryptanalis code that the Allies had.
-Magic was US and Japan
-Ultra was German and Britain
12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)
-Germany invaded the Soviet Union using Blitz Kreig attack
-he wented land for lebensraum(reuniting German speaking people)
-wanted Ukrain for the farmland
-felt the Russians were stupid. he didn't like the communism or whatev
-could use people as slave labor
-wanted oil fiends and caucus mts.
-didn't trust Stalin - propaganda showed that Stalin was planning to attack Germany
-took over Stalingrad, Lenongrad, Moscow
-moscow was the capitol
-German Wehrmacht (Army) split into 3 groups to get the 3 cities.
-Siege-surounding and bombarding
13. Battle in Africa and Italy
AFRICA:
OPERATION TORCH-the brithish-american invasion of French North Africa started on Novermber 8, 1942
-by mid 1943 we had defeated the Germans, Italians, and the Vichy France.
-Hitler wanted to invade France
-Americans wanted to fight down in Africa first though.
-wanted Europe to open a second front
-we fight Desert Fox (always seemed to out-wit us) commited suicide
-Gernard Montgomery(Monty - (allie) Britain)
-General George Patton
Italy:
-invated Sicily
-main force did OPERATION AVALANCH
-Mtns - want to be higher if you are fighting in mountains.
14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley
George C. Marshall: chief of staff of the US Military during WW11
-only guy above him was the president.
Eisenhower: nickname: IKE
-very powerful military
-was president of the US for 8 years
-major Gerneral during D-Day and battle of the bulge
-Patton: he was a major US General
-fought in Africa and Europe
-died in automobile accident
MacArthur:US general against Japan
-Born in Arkansaws
-his dad was Arthur MacArthur
-dad was an army captain
-was in Philippines during WW11 and was determined to take back Philippines
Nimitz:US against Japan
Bradley:worked with Patton in Northern Africa
-involved in Europe after the D-Day invasion
15. D-Day-Operation Overlord
JUNE 6, 1944
1) an airborne assault landing of 24,000 British , American, Canadian and Free French airborne troops shortly after midnight.
2) an amphibious landing of Allied infantry and armored divisions on the coast of French starting at 6:30 AM
-also decoy operations to distract the German forces from the real landing areas.
-the operation was the largest amphibious invasion in world history with a lot of troops
-Ike, Patton, Bradley were the Generals
-Nazi went across the channel
16. Battle of the Bulge
-known as Battle of the Bulge because it was Hitlers last attempt to break the Allied powers
-it was a dense forest there.
-had 3 part plan. first send tanks,
-Worst battle for the UNITED STATES in ww2
-Huge offensive for Germany
-coldest snowy weather in memory
-over a million men died
17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over
-Truman had to be breifed on the attomic bombing because he didn't know about it
-had to deal with post tramatic war stuff
-fought against racism
18. VE Day
-May 8, 1945
-Victory in Europe day
19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa,
Island Hopping: Saves time, saves lives, saves money
-Military stratagy agains Japan where we invated strategicaly important island and hopped over less important island.
Philippines:December 7, 1941
-they thought they wer going to give us independence and so then went to American Philippines war.
-Baton(island in the Philippines) death march (went from one POW camp to the next)
-Japs took over the Philippines
-walked 60 miles
-characterized by physical abuse and murder
-officals faced war crimes trials after the war
Coral Sea
-seen to be a US victory since it was a Stalemate
-was on May 4-8 1942
-down by Australia
-first time that Japan didn't win
Midway:
-after Pearl Harbor June '42
-First battle we won
-lasted for 3 days June 4=7
-Midway between Jap and Us but close to Hawaii
-Magic played a vital role in the Allied victory
-Japs navy was hit hard and never recovered from this battle
Guadalcanal:
-victory by Allied forces over the Japanese in the Pacific theatre
-marked the transition by Allies from defensive operations to offensive that resulted in Japan's eventual surrender and the end of WW11
-Japan started using Kamikazies (suicide bombers)
Iwo Jima:
-Where the raising the flag took place
-US vs. Japan (getting closer to japan)
-Feb. 1945
Phillipeanes:
MacArthur's return to the Philippines
Okinawa:
-Always been a Japanese Island
-taking it would help us to invade Japan
20. Navajo Code Talkers
-common people that knew how to talk english
-was only spoken in their specific area
ex. Turtle = tank
-they couldn't break the code
-nobody knew anyting about them till 1968
-in 2001 George W. Bush presented MEdals to four surviving Code Talkers
21. Doolittle's Raid
-it was on April 18 1942
-there was an air attack on Japan
-most daring opperation yet
-
22. Manhattan Project
-thoughts of Germany using a nuclear bomb started the project
-started in Manhattan
-required some of the best US Scientists, Mathmeticians
-code name for the first development of the Nuclear Bomb
-tested the bomb in Alamagordo, NM
-only a month before we dropped on Japan
23. Hiroshima bombing
- A series of bombing from the US on Japan
-On August 6
-the bomb that was dropped was called "Little Boy"
-people were still dying 5 years later due to radiation
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24. Nagasaki bombing
-bomb was nicknamed "Fat man"
-40 % of Nagasaki was destroyed
-was second option
25. VJ Day
-August 14, 1945
-Victory in Japan Day
-5 days after the 2nd attomic bomb drop (Japan surrendered)
26. Yalta Conference
-Germany would be broken into four zones controlled by (US GB France and USSR) eventually became 2 countries - East and West Germany
-Stalin promised free election in Eastern Europe (Democrocy)
-then became communist for 45 years or so
-Stalin promised to join the war against Japan after war with Germany was over
-Have a conference at San Francisco to set up the United Nations
27. Nuremburg Trials
-some still found today
-many officials committed suicide
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US
-we thought there would be Japanese people spying on us
-put all Japanese people into these Interment camps away from everyone
-given jobs and paid
-10 spies were found
-1/3 were kids - kids actually went to school
-entertainment was set up
-had to sell or get rid of all of their things
29. GI Bill of rights
-passed to help WW2 soldiers to get back into normal every day life
-helped them train for jobs, get into colleges, helped them get homes (50's)
-helped give people a higher education or replace lost education
-General Issues
30. Why did the US/Allies win WW11?
-tons more resources
-we had the attomic bombs aka better technology
-had more troops and more countries in our allience
-mass production and women helped a lot
-Hitlers mistakes
-Code talkers - Ultra and Magic
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