The Beginnings
- The struggle for Mexican independence dates back to the decades after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, when Martin Cortes (son of Hernan Cortes).
- Martin Cortes led a revolt against the Spanish colonial government in order to eliminate privileges for the conquistadors. (His mother was not Hernan's wife, but his interpreter.)
Conspiracy of the Marchetes:
- Pedro de la Portilla was the leader.
- In 1799, he arranged a meeting with about twenty other powerless youth.
- The meeting discussed the situation that Criollos found themselves in, in relation to Peninsulares (Criollos were "Europeans" born in America. Peninsulares were Europeans born in Spain.)
- Those present agreed to rise in arms to rid the country of the Peninsulares.
C.o.t.M
- The plan agreed on was to free prisoners, and with them storm the viceroy's palace, thus capturing high officials and funds.
- The conspirators then intended to proclaim the independence of Mexico, declare war on Spain, and kill or expel the Peninsulares.
- To accomplish this, they were relying on 1,000 pesos of silver, two pistols, and some 50 cutlasses and machetes. *ALSO ABOUT TWENTY PEOPLE*
C.o.t.M
- Results:
- Failure.
Gritos de Dolores:
- Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a local priest and a member of a group of educated Criollos met in saloons and in 1810, arrived in the conclusion that a revolt against the colonial government.
- September 16, 1810, he declared independence from the Spanish crown, and war against the government in what was known as the Grito de Dolores.
- October 30, Miguel Hidalgo's army encountered Spanish resistance at the Battle of Monte de las Cruces, fought them and achieved victory.
- However, the rebel army failed to defeat the large and heavily armed Spanish army in Mexico City.
- The surviving rebels fled to the U.S. - Mexican border, but were met by the Spanish. They were executed and their leader Hidalgo's head was displayed to the public.
Sides in the Battle
- Patriots
- Mexican Insurgents
- Europeans and Volunteers after 1819
- Mexican Ex-Royalists
- Army of the Three Guarantees.
- 1. They'll have their own monarchy
- 2. Successful nation
- 3. Official religion would be catholic
- Royalists
- Spanish Royalists before 1821
- Mexican Royalists
For the next 10 years...
- The Mexicans were being held in check by the Spanish.
- Mexico was about to give up and listen to their motherland Spain when...... (duh duh dunnnn.)
Change in fortunes
- In 1820, when the Royalist general Iturbide changed sides and joined the rebels.
- He feared that Spain would fall into liberal hands.
- Iturbide brought the Royalist army to his side, and then declared himself the emperor, but his reign was exceedingly short.
- However he was overthrown by Santa Anna after only a year, and Guadalupe Victoria was elected the first president of the Mexican Republic.
Spain tries to regain Mexico
- Battle of Tampico
- Mexicans defeat Spanish.
- On July 31, 1827, a force of 1500 Mexicans under Santa Anna laid a siege to 3,000 Spanish and Cuban soldiers, under Barradas, who landed in Tampico, with the intention of overthrowing the Mexican government.
- The Spaniards were cut off from reinforcements and surrendered September 11.
Results of the Battle for Mexican Independence
- First Mexican Empire established.
- Spain loses Mexico and loses a lot of respect from the world.
Research: Due Friday at 11:59
- What comparisons can you make between the American Revolution and the Mexican Revolution?
- 1 paragraph individually.
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