1. Selective Training and Service Act
-It forced people 18 and older to join the army
-First peacetime draft in US History
-Used until 1973
-After 1973, US military depended on volunteers to fill needs
2. Women's role in WWII
-Women started working and liked it
-Women made bombs and supplies for war
-Women were nurses during the war
-Rosie the RIviter-represented women worker in WWII
3. African-American's role in WWII
-Many volunteered many were drafted
-they were segragated
-at first they weren't allowed to fight in the front line
-many were put in as custodians and cooks
-Many did things at home to help with the war
4. Asian's role in WWII
-Many american born Japanese volunteered to fight
-There wasn't a lot of trust
-They had to wear tags in the war so people would know they were japanese-american soldiers
-there was up to 20,000 chinese that were in the war
-300 Korean- Americans
5. Hollywood's role in WWII
-Bob Hope and Looney Toons were important to WWII
-Bob Hope would go to the troops and tell jokes and stuff to take the war off of the soldiers minds
-USo is a private non profit group that goes around entertaining troops
6. Office of Price Administration
-Set up by FDR
-Set up how much people could ration
-There was propoganda for it
7. War Production Board
-Established in 1942 by FDR
-purpose to keep up with supplies for WWII
-Made as much as they could
-Went from making Peacetime goods to wartime goods
8. National War Labor Board
-Was to help stop arguments between employers and industries during WWII
9. Why the Homefront helped win the war
-The women had a role in the war because they made war supplies
-Hollywood helped keep the war positive and get people to do their part like buying war bonds
10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats
-We kept adding U.S ports and they
-We made a lot of ships
-We changes their naval code
-We sunk many of their U-boats
-we built faster ships
-Wolf packs were groups of Submarines that fought together
Allied Intelligence:
-we used radar
-huff duff-used to locate radio transmitions from submarines
11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic
-Codes to make sure people are following
-was called it ultra secret because it waas ultra secret
-magic was it's code name and was ran by the U.S that deciphered Japanese code
-Ultra was used to decipher German code
-Ultra was used by the British
-radioed info to ships so they would stay out of the areas where German U-boats were
12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)
-was the largest military operation in history
-It was the Germany invasion of the Soviet Union
-Hitler told nazis to cut off supply lines
-Many died of starvation and froze to death
-The Russian army went through leningrad
-In stalingrad it was known as the turning point
-Hitler got appointed the General
-more cassualties in this war than the U.S cassulties combined
-Germa takeovers:
-1.Army group North whose main goal was Liningrad
-2.Army Group Centre whosemain goal was Moscow
-3.Army Group South whose main goals were Rostov, the Caucasus Mts, the Crimen Peninsula and Stalingrad
Battle of Moscow:
-millions died
-Furious that his army had been unable to take moscow
-Fired commander in chief and took personal charge
-Hitler took control and made all military decisions afterward
-this led many ecperienced German officers to go against Hitler
-Hitler surrounded himself with staff officers with little or no recent combat experience
The Siege of Leningrad:
-started Spet 8 1941
-the last land connections to the city was cut off by Germany
-Lifting of siege took place on Jan 27 1944,872 days after it began
-it was one of the longest and most destructive sieges in history and one of the most costly in terms of casulties
-people often died on the streets and citizens shortly became accustomed to the death
-reports of cannibalism appeared in the winter of 1941-1942,after all birds,rats,and pets were eaten by survivors
-Hungry gangs attacked and ate deffensless people
-Finally,a successful Russian counter-offensive at Stalingrad,drained necessary resourced , the GGermans nedded to continue the blockade,and eventually, it failed
-the Germans never took Leningrad,but it was one of the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced
Why did hitler invade the soviet union?
-Lebensraum
-despiesed the ethnic slavs by their jewish bolshevik masters
-wanted ukraine for the farmland
-could use the people as slave labor
-the defeat of the USSR would further isolate the Allies
-Wanted the oilfields in the Caucasus mountains
-Didin't trust Stalin-German propaganda showed that Stalin was planning to attack Germany
-The western front fighting was over(except GB)
13. Battle in Africa and Italy
-involved in operation torch-invasion of Morocco
-They got control of Morocco
-Axis powers finally surrendered
-Tank warfare was very common in North Africa
Italian Campaign:
-allies wanted to move into the main part of Italy
-Italian government surrendered quickly
-they became allies with us
-it was hard because German troops were in Italy
-Italy was hard to fight in because of the mountains
14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley
-Marshall:
was called organizer of Victory
-was given the nobel peace prize
Dwight Eisenhower:
-five star genreal
-in charge of everyone
-supreme commander of allied forces
Patton:
-was a tough guy who cussed a lot
-got in trouble for roughing up some of the soldiers
-his speeches had mostly cuss words to pump up the soldiers
-died in a car accident after WWII
-died at 50
-was a famous US general
-fought in African
MacAruthur:
-chief of staff in United States army
-big role in Pacific theater during WWII
-him and his father were the first to get the father son award
-Became Armies youngest major general
-In charge of all american army units against Japan
-After war he was given military government of japan
-was general in Korean war
Nimitz:
-got accepted into the Navy academy
-Spent a lot of time on battle ships
-was given a commander fleet
-got the life saving medal for saving someone from drowning
-President of submarine design board
-signed for U.S when Japan surrenderd
-was the chief of staff against Japan
-Head admural against japan
Bradley:
-born into poverty
-against Germans
-fought in Africa and later on in Europe
15. D-Day-Operation Overlord
-Started with fall of France
-invaded on Omaha Beach
-June 6th 1944
-was postpones was supposed to happen the 5th
-12,000 plane
-7,000 vessels
-160,000 troops
-The allied forces were from Canada,GB,ect
-stayed on the beach for three weeks
-most amphibious battle
-Operation overlord
The Atlantic Wall:
-and extensive system of coastal fortifications built by Nazi Germany along the western coast of Europe
16. Battle of the Bulge:
Started on December 16th 1944. Called the battle fo the bulge because the Germans made a bulge by pushing forward. Very cold snowy winter. Over million men: 500,000 Germans, 600,000 Americans, and 55,000 British. 100,000 Germans casualitites. 81,000 American casualities. 1,400 British casualities. 800 tanks lost total. Malmedy Massacre-86 Americans were captured and murdered by Germans. This battle was the worst battle-in terms of losses-to the American Forces in WWll.
17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over
18. VE Day:
-The day the axis powers surrendered
19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa,
-Island Hoppings:
-Philippines:
-Bataan Dath March-americans marches and many got killed by Japanese and were mistreated
-60 mile forcible transfer of 75,000 american POW's
Battle of Coral Sea:
-We won
-body of water right by Australia
-first battle to flee when aircraft carriers came together
-Japanese invade port morisf
-plan called operation MO
-Japense invaded successfully
-Was a major Naval battle between the Japanese Navy and allied naval and air forces from the U.S and Australia
-The battle was the first action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other
-it was also the first naval battle in history in which neither sides ships aw or fired directly upon the other
-while Japan sank more ships than the allies di,it was a stragetic victory for the allies as it was the first time we stopped the japanese from advancing
Midway:
-Widely regardeed as the most naval battle against Japan
-fought between June 4-7
-The Japanese aimed to eliminate the U.S as a stratagic power in the Pacific and believed a victory at midway island would do just that
-U.S Navy decisively defeated the Japanese Navy attack against Midway Island
-Japans navy suffered heavy losses and never recovered from this battle
-Magic played a vital role in the Allied victory
Guadalcanal:
-the Guadalcanal campaign was fought between August 7,1942 and Feb 9 1943 in the Solomon Island Archipelago
-The Guadalcanal campaign was a significant stragic victory by Allied forces over the Japanese in the Pacific theatre
-Guadalcanal marked the transition by the Allies from defensive operations to offensive that resulted in Japans eventual surrender and the end of WWII
Iwo jima:
-was off southern coast of Japan
-bloody battle
-flag raising on Iwo Jima
Okinawa:
-Huge battle
-fleet size was 186,000 troops
-had the most casulaties of any battle
20. Navajo Code Talkers:
-worked on Pacific front
-young navajo guys that made a code using the navajo language
-we had a way of communicating without the Japanese to know what we were talking about
-29 code talkers in al
-in 2001 the 4 remaining code talkers got medals
21. Doolittle's Raid:
-Bombing run on Japan
-They bombed to raise morale and show that Japan can be hit
-U.S plan was to run to Japan and drop bombs and land in China
-The aircraft ended up being either destroyed or captures
-Some pilots eventually made it back to U.S
22. Manhattan Project:
-code name for the Making of the atomic bomb
-they did it because the figured Germany was going to make a bomb and wanted to be first
-Used it on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
-General Leslie Groves was in charge of the project
-Scientist J Robert Oppenheimer was also in charge
-Trinity was the code name for the test bomb
-tested in Mexico
-hotter than the sun
-they had to design a plane to carry it: it was named Enola Gay
23. Hiroshima bombing
-killed 90% of the town
-many died of radiation
-Bomb was called little boy
-it was made of Uranium
24. Nagasaki bombing:
-It was not intended at first to be the second bombing
-because of cloud cover they had to drop it
-the bomb was called Fat Man
-Made of Platonium
-supposed to be more powerful but did less damage
-it did a mile of destruction and set a lot of things on fire
-Japan surrendered after this bombing
25. VJ Day:
-August 14,1945
-Japan surrendered ending the WWII
26. Yalta Conference:
-Stalin,Churchill and Roosevelt went to the conference
-Germany would be broken into four occupation zones (US,GB,France,USSR)
-Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe
-Stalin promised to join the war against Japan after war with Germany was over
-Have a conference at San Francisco to set up the United Nations
27. Nuremburg Trials
-GI bill of rights was to help transition WWII soldiers from the US to there normal everyday lives
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US
-Many Japanese were forces into enternment camps
-forced japanese americans out of home and go to desert like area camps
-they had job opportunities and entertainment
-they were payed for their work
Why Allies won WWII:
-Magic and Ultra
-Navajo Code talkers
-better technology by end of war/atomic bombs
-Tons of natural resources
-Factories and war production was very high
-We had a lot more troops/we had 230 million in just the U.S
-Hitlers mistakes:
-invaded soviet union
-over extended troops
-declaring war on U.S
-him taking over military
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