The Cold War (1945-1990)
*to stop the spread of communism
What does the cold war mean?
definition: -a political( (communism vs. democracy) strategic and ieological struggle between the US and the Soviet Union.
-spread throughout the world - Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
-the world was split in two after WW11
-as Soviets were pushing the Germans back they took over mroe land
-2 world started in Cold War: East and West
-East - Soviet Union (Communism)
-West-Western Europe, US, Canada (Free world)
Communism vs. Democracy
Democracy - a government where the people can choose and vote. They can critisize too. Free Society.
Communism - everyone is treated equal
Socialism vs. Capitalism
Capitalism- individuals or groups of individuals own businesses
Socialism - where the government controls businesses.
Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels
German. Came up with the idea of communism.
Karl Marx - poor people rise up and overthrow the rich to create a class of society where everyone is equal.
0. Goals of the Cold War/Post WW11
-containment: to stop the spread of communism
-wanted to promote democracy
-wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
Post WW11
-wspread communism around the world
-encourage friendly governments on it's borders
-establish defensible borders
-wanted to create greater security for itselt. lost tens of millions of people in WW11 and Stalin's purges. Feared a strong Germany
Topics:
1. Causes of the Cold War-
-Americans feared the Cold War
-Truman disliked Stalin
-Russia's fear of the atomic bomb
-Russia disliked capitalism
-Russia feared an American attack
-The United States and the Soviet Union represents two opposing systems of government - freedom vs. communism.
Economic
-the US wanted to encourage free trade all around the world
-Russia feared the free trade with the west would involve the risk of Russia being opened to western enfluences
Power Rivalry
-after the Second World War with the decline of Europe power was largely shared between the Soviet Union and US
-They both wanted to dominate each other and conflicts started
-two rivalries of the cold war were US and Soviet Union
-the Rivalry lasted from the late 40's till the collapse of the Soviet Union
-the superpowers threatened each other.
2. Policy of Containment: domino effect, Iron Curtain Speech, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine-
-Used by US and thought we needed to have an intervention to stop it
Marshall Plan
-AKA the European Recovery Program
-was a large-scale American program to help Europe out by us giving them monetary supposrt to help rebuild European economies after WW11
Truman Doctrine
-the truman doctrine was a policy made by the President that...
3. House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)-
-went after Hollywood
-concerned with people in Hollywood spreading propaganda
-were very conserned with people that made movies
-were put on the "blacklist" for being sympathetic towards communism
-thought people would be brainwashed with that communist propasition
4. Senator Joe McCarthy and McCarthyism-
-Nov. 14, 08-May 2, '57
-Republican Senator from Wisconsin
-founder of "McCarthyism" - accused of communism without any reasons to back it up.
Time in office
-US republican senator
-in office Jan 3, 1947- May 2, 1957
-Came to power: Accused former governor, La Follette of war profiteering (selling weapons)
Other Jobs
-Marines Captain
-had name "Tail Gunner Joe"
-attourney and a judge
McCarthyism-The practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence
Wheeling Speech
-Feb 9, 1950
-Republican Wonen's club in Wheeling, WV
-List of 205 names of "communists" working in the State Department(government positionings)
-names were in a letter to James Byrnes, Secretary of State
-no audio was recorded so people didn't really know for sure
Results of Wheeling Speech
-state department employees backfround checks
-convern for communism went up
-Blacklisting of State Department Workers
-McCarthy was called a liar
McCarthys Death
-48 yrs old
-Was senator up until death
-Bethesda Maryland at Bethesda Naval Hospital
-Official: acute hepatitis-inflimation of liver
-Press: alcoholism
5. Berlin Blockade and Airlift-Brian-
6. China becoming communist-Mao-
-Chiang Kai Shek vs. Mao Zedong
-Come together to fight the Japanese
-Mao tried to make the people factory workers for farms.
-Great Leap Forward: China. Thought that communism could only last in an industrial based place and not as well in an agricultural place (China was agriculture based). They were told to dig up their feild and whatever else. The people then starved in the 50's. Millions of people died without time fo rhim to regain his power.
-Cultural Revolution
7. NATO(beginning to present), de-Stalinization and peaceful co-existence-massive retaliation, mutual detterence
8. Nuclear Arms race(1945-1970)-
9. Fidel Castro and the Bay of Pigs-
10. The Cuban Missile Crisis-
11. The Berlin Wall--Going Up and Coming Down-
12. Nixon's visit to China-
13. 1970's Peace Attempts-Detente, Salt I, Salt II-
14. Effects of the Soviet's invasion of Afghanistan-
15. Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative(Missile Defense System today)-
16. Gorbachev's/Reagan's changing ways-perestroika and glasnost, INF Treaty-
17. The fall of Communism and the end of the Cold War-explain how it all went down-
18. The new map of Europe(up to present)-
19. Why the US won the Cold War-
20. Korean Conflict--
21. Vietnam Conflict
Comments