Monday- continue PowerPoint
VJ day kiss video
Battle for the Atlantic
Hunter-Killer Convoy Groups
- Would typically be formed around an escort aircraft carrier that would provide aerial reconnaissance and air cover for the convoy group
- Hunter-Killer groups would consist of:
- Corvettes
- Destroyers
- Destroyer escorts
- Frigates
- US Coast Guard Cutters armed with depth charges and Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar
Allied Intelligence
- Churchill and Roosevelt knew the importance of intelligence in safeguarding Allied commerce to defeat the Axis powers
- The Allies shared information from RADAR and High Frequency Direction Finding (HF/DF) or "huff duff")
- RADAR provided a means of means of detecting vessels and aircraft above the surface
- HF/DF was used to locate the sources of enemy radio transmissions such as submarines
- Allied intelligence leaders began sharing code-breaking secrets, known as "very special intelligence" and classified under cover-names like "ULTRA" and "MAGIC"
Enigma
- System in which Germany transfered their information through codes
- Solving the Enigma system remains one of the great Allied triumphs of WWII
- During periods when Allied cryptanalysts were unable to solve Enigma, U-boats caused great damage to Anglo-American commerce
D-Day Facts
- June 6, 1944
- The D in D-Day stands for "day" since the final invasion date was unknown and weather dependent
- 156,000 Allied troops from the US, the UK, Canada, Free France and Norway
- The Allied code names for the beaches along the 50-mile stretch of Normandy coast targeted for landing were Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword
- Omaha was the costliest beach in terms of Allied casualties.
- 5,000 ships and landing craft, 50,000 vehicles, 11,000 planes
- Major Generals:
- US- Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley
- UK- Bernard Law Montgomery
- Germany- Erwin Rommel
- Casualties:
- US- 6,603 (1,465 killed)
- UK- 2,700
- Canada- 1,074 (359 fatal)
- Germany- Estimated between 4,000 and 9,000
- By June 11, with the beached firmly secured
- More than 326,000 troops had crossed with more than 100,000 tons of military equipment
- Paris was liberated on Aug. 25
- Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945
- But first, they fought the...
Battle of the Bulge
- The coldest, snowiest weather "in memory" in the Ardennes Forest on the German/Belgium border
- Over 1,000,000 men, 500,000 Germans, 600,000 Americans (more than fought at Gettysburg) and 55,000 Brutish
- 100,000 Germany casualties, killed, wounded, or captured
- 81,000 American casualties, including 23,554 captured and 19,000 killed
- 800 tanks lost on each side, 1,000 German aircraft
- The worst battle in terms of loss of life for the US in WWII
Yalta Conference- Feb. 1945
- Before the end of WWII, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met at Yalta, USSR, to plan what should happen when the war ended
- The agreed on the following
- The establishment of the UN
- Germany to be divided into 4 zones
- Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe- Stalin lied about that part- very "Hitler-like"
- USSR promised to join the war against Japan.
- Nazis would be completely destroyed
FDR dies, Harry Truman is sworn in- April 12, 1945
US Homefront
Women in WWII
- Rosie the Riveter
- represented women workers in WWII
- Nurses were VERY IMPORTANT in WWII
- Victory Gardens- grow your own food so more food can be sent to troops
- Encouraged people to not buy things from the black market
Tuesday- Watch D-Day scene from Saving Private Ryan, continue PowerPoint
- Each branch of the military had a "women's league"
- WAC- Women's Army Corps
- WAVES- women's navy
- WASP- Women's Army Service Pilots- helped test and transport planes, etc.
"Tokyo Rose"- Iva Toguri
- Forced to broadcast propaganda to the Allied troops for Japan
- In these radio programs, she taunted the Allied troops and played music from home
- She was a US citizen in Japan
- Convicted of treason
Native Americans- Navajo Code Talkers
African-Americans in WWII
- Tuskegee Institute/Airmen
Asian-Americans in WWII
- Segregated- esp. Japanese
Wednesday- Continue PowerPoint
Hollywood in WWII
- Played propaganda roles
- Made people feel good about the war effort and made the enemy look like bumbling idiots
- News reels were played before movies
- Bob Hope and the USO (United Service Organizations) Tour
- Went around and entertained troops- not on the front lines, of course
- Troops had the night off to relax
Kilroy Was Here
- Went "viral" in WWII
OPA and Rationing
- The Office and Price Administration was established in 1941 to control the prices of goods
- Food rationing included restrictions on sugar and meat; clothing rationing restricted silk and nylon
- Gasoline rationing began in May 1942- 3 gallons per week
- Gas rationing was about saving rubber, not gas- try to keep people from driving to save rubber for military use
- A black market developed in stolen/counterfeit stickers that were used in up to 30% gasoline sales
- By 1945, 32,500 motorists arrested for using such false stickers, 1,300 convictions, 4,000 gas stations closed
- A sticker
- most common of the WWII gas stickers
- given to general public
- 3 gallons per week
- B sticker
- given to business owners
- 8 gallons per week
- C sticker
- given to people with more important jobs
- more gallons that B sticker
- T sticker
- issued to truck drivers
- unlimited gas- important job for the war effort
- X sticker
- issued in special instances for high mileage type jobs such as travelling salesmen
Rationed canned fruits vegetables and soups
War production board- encouraged mass production of goods
War Finance Committee and War Bonds
- Over the course of the war 85 million Americans purchased bonds totaling approximately $185 billion
- Helped pay for war
- It was an investment for US citizens
- As low as $18.75 per bond
- 10 years later gov't paid out $25
Japanese Internment Camps- adults worked, men grew crops, women packed boxes, children were educated
Thursday- No school
Friday- No school
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