3-5-13

Settlements and colonies in present day America

Roanoke
- 1584 queen Elizabeth gave sir Walter Raleigh a charter to go settle in North America
- Established in 1585
- Mother country is England
- First English Colony
- Key player
  - Sir Walter Raleigh
    - Writer, poet, soldier, explorer
    - Married a lady and waiting to Queen Elizabeth
    - When he went back to England he was put in jail
    - He was let out and then put back in and he was executed.
    - One of the largest tobacco producers in the USA is named after him
- Virginia Dare
  - First child born in America
  - Granddaughter of John White
- John White
  - English artist
  - 1^st governor
  - Went back to England to resupply for Roanoke
  - It was a long trip(3 years)
  - When he got back there was nothing there
  - Houses were disassembled, so very likely that they just moved.
Interesting facts
- Known as the lost colony
- How they may have died out:
  - Captured by Indian tribes
  - Lost at sea
  - Spanish
  - Dare Stones
  - Virginea Pars Map
    - Map that picks a new location where they might have moved to
    - Needs a special type of light to see the location
    - Jamestown
      - First permanent English Colony
      - Established by Virginia Company of London
      - Mother Country- England
      - In Virginia
      - Established in 1607 as a town in 1617
      - Key players:
        Captain John Smith
        Communicated with native very well
        Pocahontas saved him
        He was forced to England after an explosion on ship
        Next guy was George Percy
- Pocahontas
  - Daughter of Powhatan
  - Married John Rolfe, not John Smith
  - Moved back to England with her husband
    - Done to show she can be a civilized indian
    - She died 1 year later when she was like 22 or 23
- Chief Opchanacanough
  - Name means “he whose soul is white”
  - Lead a massacre in 1622 to rid his world of the white man
  - Killed 1/3 of the settlers
  - Was captured in 1646 and later shot in the back by a guard
  - He was 92 years old when he died
Ugly winter
- 1609-1610
- 80% of colony died
- Many turned to cannibalism
Bacons Rebellion
- First known rebellion where the colonist took part in present day USA
- Berkeley was levying unfair taxed, appointing friends to high positions, and failing to protect frontier settlers from Indian attack
- Bacon went out and got the Occaneechi Indians tribe to go fight the Susquehanock tribe and when the Occ. Left then he murdered their men, women and children.
- He continued to wage war on the indian tribes
- He was upset that Berkeley still hadn’t stepped down from his position of power and started targeting him and his followers
- Berkeley fled and bacon burned down Jamestown
- Bacon later died of dysentery
- Many followers got out of there because they knew they would be punished
- 23 stayed and were hanged by Berkeley
- Charles the II the relieved Berkeley of his duties because he was upset that he had killed more men than he did for the killing of his father.

I believe that Pocahontas and John Rolfe were in love. I don’t really think the Indians cared what the English thought of them. And even after Pocahontas went to England they still thought they were savages. And they didn’t have kids because she died a year after she got there. So I believe they were in love.

I think cannibalism is weird. I would not do it even if I was like going to die. I would probably join and Indian tribe and live with them because they had food and stuff. It is disgusting that people actually did that, but then again they had to do whatever to survive. If they hadn’t have been cannibalistic Jamestown would have been non-existent.

Plymouth colony
- Founded in 1620
- Located in Cape Cod
- 2^nd permanent site of English colony in USA
- London Co. funded this expedition so the mother country in indeed England
- 2 ships-mayflower and speedwell
- Around 90 people on mayflower and 30 on speedwell
- Variety of people
  - Indentured servants
  - Puritans
  - Separatists
This area is considered new England
Mayflower compact was their document for the intent of which was to establish a means of governing the colony
The colony also suffered a terrible first winter
- Lost over 40% of settlers
- Issues were that they were not able to build the houses by winter, so many had to continue to stay on the ships
Key player
- Myles Standish
  - English military officer who was hired by the pilgrims as a military advisor
  - He was elected to the office of commander by the Plymouth colony militia
  - Known for his attacks in the Nemasket raid and the Wessagusset massacre
  - Known for his courage when fighting against the Indians
- Tisquantum
  - Squanto
  - Native American who helped the settlers out after their first winter in the new world
  - In 1614 he was captured by Thomas hunt and sold into slavery
  - He was able to convince the English to send him back home and they allowed this and he was able to learn a lot of English
  - Known for helping pilgrims in their first thanksgiving
Mass bay Colony
- settled 1626
- lacated in northeast Massachusetts
- mother country is england
- founder is Roger Conant
- Salem is small town in Mass bay colony
- Key player
  - John Winthrop
    - wealthy puritan lawyer
    - governor for 12 years
    - very religious even by puritan standards
    - his son, John was founder of Connecticut
  - John Hathrne
    - born into well established salem family on august 5 1641
    - Salem magistrate and was chosen by Governor to be a judge in the salem witch trials
    - known for treating people guilty till proven inoccent
    - known as the hanging judge

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3-5-13

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