-The US Homefront
- Women's role
- called Rosie the Riveters- represented women workings in WWII
- woman went to work in fields and factories until men came back
- won because lots of help from women
- 24 million in Britain worked- manufacturing, clothing, domestic work, local/ national government, commerce, typing, nursing, teaching
- big role was nursing- very important
- needed women for lots of jobs
- US Army Core was womens part in the army (WAC)- secretaries, testing, transporting items, pilots
- WAVES- Women's Navy
- WASPS- Women's "airforce"
- Factories-War Production Board
- made more products than all the allies combines
- goal was to make stuff, as much as they could
- encourage people to not be lazy on the job
- supplied us and all our allies
- National War Labor Board
- Owners and employees work together
- come together because together we win- strikes hurt war effort
- War bonds
- people bought them and money went to government to support the war
- people lost 25% of money after buying them
- everyone bought them
- supposed to get money back with interest in the future
- Japanese relocation camps
- Americans feared invasion by Japan after Pearl Harbor- thought they might be spies
- FDR moved over 10,000 Japanese into camps in more desert areas
- not purposely killed but many died from lack of proper medical attention
- like concentration camp
- forced to move here- told to sell homes and pack their stuff
- like an army camp- lived in barrack type buildings
- children went to school, had athletics (baseball & football), people given jobs-packing crates, working in fields, learning to type
- undid in 1993- apologized with Fundamental Liberty Act
- Propaganda
- made to convince/ influence a persons thoughts
- dropped flylets on countries and they did it to us
- posters, music
- goals- buy war bonds, enlist today!,make us look good and Germany and Japanese bad, Do your part today!, victory gardens
- urgency was shown
- War rationing-Office of Price Administration
- established by government in 1941 to administer price controls
- 8000 rationing boards were created with 200,000 volunteers to assist the 60,000 employees of the agency
- food rationing included restrictions on sugar and meat; clothing rationing restricted silk and nylon
- automobiles got stickers for amount of gas- linited to 4 gallons (50%)- A sticker
- B & C stickers got more for war workers or important jobs (doctors)
- T stickers were truckers who got unlimited amounts
- black market developed in stolen or counterfeit stickers that were used in 5-30% of gasoline sales
- by 1945, 32,000 motorists arrested for using false stickers, 1300 convictions, 4000 gas companies closed
- everyone got ration books
- horse meat was not rationed
- Hollywood in WWII
- actors made films about the war then perform for the troops
- USO performed shows and entertain troops
- United Servie Organization- started by Bob Hope
- 7000 shows by May of 1945
- lots of movies were propaganda based
- The story of "Kilroy was here"
- comes from James Kelroy
- if found a ship was ok they would write "Kilroy was here"
- no one knew who it was
- people thought he mmight be a spy or a super soldier
- rumored to be on the moon, mt. everest, and the statue of liberty
US Fighting:
-US in Africa
- in North Africa (libya, egypt, algeria, moroccoo)
- many tank wars
- desert conditions
- involved- Vichy french, Germany and Italy
- vs. American, Free French, Australia, Britain...
- started in 1940- US came in May 1942
- ended in 1943- about 6 months after our invasion in Tunisia
- Italy was next
- Invaded Africa first because we felt it was their easiest area and easier to take over- African countries were taken over in late 1800s by European countries
- Operation Torch- Nov. 1942-we invaded Moroccoo in northern africa: 1st fight with Germany and France
- The Desert Fox- Erwin Rommel
- Name was found in the assassination to kill Hitler
- Bernard Montgomery- Morry
- George Patton- Died in Germany in a car crash as a general
-US in Italy
- Called Italy the "Soft Underbelly"- thought it was the weakest area
- operation avalanche- attacked west coast of Italy
- Operation Husky- helped end war in europe
- wanted to over throw Mousillini government
- July 1943- Invasion of Sicily
- Italy announce surrender to allies- September 8, 1943- Mousillini was kicked out- became an allie
- German troops were also in Italy- not free from germans til February 1945
- We fought in Italy the longest
- Generals- George C. Marshall, Harold Alexander, General Halsey and McCarther, Dwight Eisenhower
-D-Day
- June 6, 1944
- was delayed because of weather
- had given Germany false information before so thought attack was in Calay, France cause closest between fronace and britain- Hitler sent troops there
- attacked Calay more as a diversion
- 13,000 paratroopers flown in night before, 925 C47s, 4000 men, 500 gliders
- fought on 5 beaches; Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword
- Omaha; US and Britain- difficult, heavily guarded, also at Utah
- Bunies- special vehicles with morters- meant for destroying obstacles
- Juno- Canadian landing spot
- Beginning of the end- 11 months later was VE Day
- had Atlantic Wall- built along atlantic ocean put mines and things in water to stop ships
- over 3000 killed
- Ike, Patton, and Bradley
-US bombing of Germany
- Great Britain started bombing Germany before us
- We started bombing them and became a team with Britain
- Air force known as the Mighty 8th
- We went for place that helped Germans in the war- factories, railroads, naval bases, comunication towers
- sent out 58 planes and shot down 22 German planes
- Incendary bomb- bomb of choice, started fires
-VE Day and the story of Germany surrendering
- Europe wanted German to sign unconditional surrender- have to do whatever they tell you to do
- May 7, people waited for Churchill- May 8, 1945 was made a holiday
- German had to surrender twice- to US and to Soviet Union in Berlin
-Battle of Coral Sea
-Battle of Midway
-Battle of Iwo Jima
-Battle of the Philippines
-Battle of Okinawa
-Hiroshima bombing
-Nagasaki bombing
-VJ Day and the story of Japan surrendering
-Yalta Conference
-Potsdam Conference
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