Pearl Harbor
- In July, 1940, Japan invaded French Indochina
- In response, the US stops trading with Japan and in 1941, stops trading oil as well.
Due to embargo, Japan felt it had three options:
abandon ambitions in South East Asia
compromise with the US
attack Dutch and British possessions in the Pacific and US bases in the Pacific
Yamamoto felt that if Japan had any chance of winning a war against the US it must destroy the US Pacific fleet in a surprise attack
A surprise attack would give Japan at least six months to dominate SE Asia unopposed
Japan thought that the US then would face a long, bloody struggle and would settle for a negotiated peace that would allow Japan to do as it pleased in Asia
Tojo replaces Konoye as Premier of Japan. Konoye wanted to negotiate with the US. Tojo didn’t and had a low regard of the US
Tojo wanted war but Emperor Hirohito wanted on last peace attempt.
Japan offered this:
1. Open door policy everywhere and Japan would withdraw from
French Indochina
2. US would stop Lend-Lease Aid to China and start trading with Japan again
3. Japan would start peace talks with China
US refused plan on November 29th
US took a hard line stance with Japan now because we had deciphered their diplomatic code(Magic) and knew that they had some type of attack plan.
Magic Information
“November 29th is the deadline”
“things are automatically going to happen”
Japan felt that the key to success in the Pacific was air and sea power
-especially launching airplanes from aircraft carriers and submarines attacking enemy ships
Japan had ten aircraft carriers to our three in the Pacific(based in Pearl Harbor)
Japanese Pearl Harbor Attack Plan
destroy three aircraft carriers, eight battleships, seven cruisers and other small ships
attack Wake Island and Guam
attack Malay and Hong Kong
attack Philippines, Dutch East Indies and Burma
Japanese attack force consisted of:
Six aircraft carriers
360 airplanes
-Kate High level bombers
-dive and torpedo bombers
-Zero fighters
two battleships, three cruisers, eight destroyers
Admiral Nagumo commanded the force
To succeed, Japan had to travel 3,500 miles without being detected. That meant absolute radio silence and travelling through a vast, lonely expanse of the Pacific Ocean. This attack had to be a complete surprise.
“Backdoor to War” Conspiracy
Pearl Harbor and the causes/effects of WWII
Why did it happen?
tired of negotiations with US
wanted to continue expansions with Asia
US placed extremely constrictive embargo - stop Japanese aggression (Fench Indochina)
Wanted element of surprise to destroy US navy
neutralize US Pacific fleet
What were events leading up to it?mags
July- 1937- Japan invades Manchuria - we didn’t like that
The U.S. cut off oil resources to Japan
this lead them to think they only had about 2 years of oil left
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Events_leading_to_the_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor
Impacts of Pearl Harbor had on our country?mags
we declared war the next day- December 8, 1941
Japanese Americans from the West Coast were sent to internment camps for the duration of the war
public opinion on war swung to going to war after the attack
united our country ( Stopped being isolated and worked together
lead to Doolittle's Raid- to get back at Japan as fast as we could
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequences_of_the_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor
What happened in Pearl Harbor? Clare
Surprise military attack on the naval base called pearl harbor by the Japanese Military
Dec. 7th 1941
attack led to U.S. involvement in WW2
7:48 a.m. Hawaii time
attacked by 353 Japanese fighters, bombers, and torpedo planes in two different waves
launched from 6 aircraft carriers
8 U.S. Navy Battleships- 4 were sunk
1st wave was aimed at battle ships and aircraft carriers
2nd wave targeted at Ford Island and Wheeler Field
3rd wave was never launched
Why did Japan do this? Jordyn
Japanese were tired of negotiations with the US
They wanted to continue their expansion within Asia but the United States had placed an extremely restrictive embargo on Japan in the hopes of curbing Japan's aggression
attack was intended as a defending action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions the Empire of Japan
they wanted the attack to neutralize the US Pacific Fleet
Placing a strict embargo on Japan
http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwarii/a/Attack-Pearl-Harbor.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor
Any peace attempts from Japan prior to Pearl Harbor? mags
August 1941- Japan leader ( Fumimaro Konoe) proposed a meeting with roosevelt to discuss differences.
we stopped trading with them to help stop aggression
Casualties? Clare
2,402 Americans killed
1,282 wounded
4 battleships sunk
3 battleships damaged
1 battleship grounded
2 other ships sunk
3 cruisers damaged
3 destroyers damaged
3 other ships damaged
188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed
159 aircraft damaged
4 midget submarines sunk
1 midget submarine grounded
Japan Casualties
Japan lost 29 aircrafts
5 midget submarines
65 servicemen killed or wounded
1 Japanese soldier captured
Was Japan Successful?
21 ships in US Pacific fleet sunk or damaged
188 aircrafts destroyed and 159 damaged
2,403 total American deaths
68 civilians
most killed by improperly fused
they never got our aircraft carriers.
Causes and effects of WWII:
Causes prior to WWII: Jordyn
great depression started 10 years before which lead people unemployed and desperate
nationalism was going through germany
emperor of china and Japan have been fighting since Japan invaded manchuria
Japanese expansion
Germany, Italy, and Japan were testing the League of Nations by invading smaller countries
Effects short term: Kenzie
Effects long term: Clare
German Nazi party was completely destroyed and Germany was broken up into 4 zones
Japanese cities were destroyed from bombing and Japan was placed under military rule
Most deaths ever in a war
Major Powers of the world were discovered
We thought this was impossible
the harbor was very shallow
we put the ships closer together to protect them but that ended up making it easier for japan
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