Roanoke-
1584 Queen Elizabeth I granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter to go settle in North America.
Established in 1585
It is a colony funded by London Co. so mother country is England.
First English Colony
Sir Walter Raleigh-
Writer, poet, soldier, and explorer
Married a lady in waiting to Queen Elizabeth I.
When back in England the king had him locked up
He then was released, and set out to find the “City of Gold” (not successful)
He was later imprisoned again but this time he was executed.
Raleigh NC is named after him.
One of the biggest tobacco producers in USA, part of “Tabacco Road”
Virginia Dare-
First child born in America to English parents
Granddaughter to John White
John White-
English artist
Known for being the 1st governor of Roanoke
Went back to England to resupply for the Roanoke settlement and when he returned all that was left was the “Cro” probably for the word Croaton which was an indian tribe.
The houses were disassembled so it is very unlikely that they left quickly or forced to leave.
Known and the lost colony
How they may have died out:
Captured by Indian tribes (most likely)
Lost at sea
Spanish
Dare Stones
Virginea Pars Map
Jamestown-
First permanent English colony
Established by Virginia Company of London
Jamestown is located in current day Virginia
Mother country is England
Established as a fort in 1607, as a town in 1619.
Captain John Smith-
Did a decent job at communicating with the Native even though it almost cost him his life, Pocahontas saved him.
He was forced to return back to England after an explosion.
The next guy to come take leadership was Goerge Percy. He was a dog in Pocahantas.
Pocahontas-
Daughter of the Powhatan
Married John Rolphe, not John Smith
Did however save John Smith from being killed by her father.
Moved back to England with her husband.
This was done to show that she could be a civilized Indian.
She died a year later from unkown causes, she was only 22 or 23.
Chief Opchanacanough
His name meant He whose soul is white
Lead a massacre in 1622 to rid his world of the white man
This raid killed 1/3 of the settlers of Jamestown
Was captured in 1646, and later shot in the back by a guard.
He was 92 years old when he died.
Jamestown ugly winter-
The winter of 1609-1610 was known as the "starving time"
Over 80 percent of the colony died
Most tried cannibalism to stay alive, one man even killed his wife and ate her.
Bacon's Rebellion-
First known rebellion where the colonists took part in present day USA
Declaration of the people of Virginia. The declaration criticized Berkely's administration in detail. It accused him of levying unfair taxes, appointing friends to high positions, and failing to protect frontier settlers from indians.
Bacon went out and got the Occaneechi Indian tribe to go fight the Susquehanock tribe and when Occ. left then he murdered their men, women, and children.
He would continue to wage war with the indian tribes in the area
He was upset that Berkeley still hadn't stepped down from his position of power and started targeting him and his followers.
Eventually Berkeley fled and then Bacon burned down jamestown.
Bacon later died of dysentery before Enland could send forces to punish him.
Lasting effects- Many of Bacon's followers went back to England.
23 of Bacon's followers that stayed were hanged.
Charles the II then relieved Berkeley of his duties because he was upset that he had killed more men than he did for the killing of his father.
Plymouth Rock Colony-
Founded in 1620
Located in the Southeast part of Massachusetts around Cape Cod.
2nd permanent site of an English colony in present day USA
The London Co. funded this expedition, so the mother country is indeed England.
The two ships that sailed over to USA were the mayflower and speedwell.
Around 90 people on the Mayflower and 30 on the speedwell
Variety of people made the journey:
indentrued servants, puritans, and separatists.
This area in the land is also considered to be New England.
Mayflower Compact was their document for the intent of which was to establish a means of governing the colony.
The colony/ settlement also suffered a terrible first winter as well.
Lost over 40 percent of the settlers.
Issues were that they were not able to build the houses by winter, so many had to continue to stay on the ships.
Myles Standish-
An English military officer who was hired by the pigrims as a military advisor.
He was elected to the office of commander by the Plymouth colony Militia.
Known for his attacks in the Nemasket raid and the Wessagusset massacre.
Known for his courage when fighting against the Native Americans, but also his brutality.
Tisquantum-
AKA- Squanto
A Native American who helped the settlers out after there first winter in the New world.
In 1614, he was captured by Thomas Hunt , a lieutenant of John Smith and sold in slavery.
He then was able to convince the English to send him back home, and they allowed this and he was able to learn a lot of English during this time.
Known for helping the Pilgrims in their first Thanksgiving.
Massachusetts Bay Colony (Salem as the focus)-
Settled in 1626
Located in the northeast part of modern day Massachusetts
Originally set up to be a fishing community
The mother country of Salem is indeed England.
Their founder is Roger Conant.
Key players-
John Winthrop
A wealthy English Puritan lawyer
Served as governor for 12 of the first 20 years of exisistence.
He was a very religious man even by Puritan standards.
His son, John, became a founder of Connecticut.
John Hathorne-
Born into a well-established Salem family on August 5, 1641.
Salem magistrate and was chosen by Governor Sir William Phips to be a judge in the Salem Witch Trials.
Kown for treating the witches as they were guilty and that they needed to prove their innocence
Known as the hanging judge.
Colony of Connecticut-
Was an English colony located in North America that became the US state of Connecticut.
Originally known as the River Colony, it was organized on March 3, 1636 as a haven for Puritan gentlemen.
After early struggles with the Dutch, the English had gained control of the colony permenently by the late 1630's.
Two other English colonies in the present- day state of Connecticut were merged into the Colony of Connecticut: Saybrook Colony in 1644 and New Haven Colony in 1662.
The Charter Oak Incident also occurred in the colony of Connecticut.
Key players-
Thomas Hooker-
Was a prominent Puritan colonial leader
Left Massachusetts Bay colony when he became upset with church leaders there.
He was also an author who wrote of very religious issues and materials especially in references to elections and appointments.
Known as the Father of Connecticut
A great speaker of Christianity.
John Haynes-
5th governor of Massachusetts Bay colony
1st governor of Connecticut
Haynes was influential in the drafting of laws and legal frameworks in both Massachusetts and Connecticut.
He was on the committee that drafted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut which has been called one of the first written constitutions.
John Davenport-
Was an English Puritan Clergyman and co-founder of the American Colony of New Haven. (Eaton was the other Co-founder)
He was a religious leader who was also a pastor in the church.
John Winthrop the Younger-
Was a founder of Connecticut
Also became a Governor
His father was important in the Massachussetts Bay Colony.
Random facts
New world- Colonial america
Old world- Most of Europe especially England.
Slave background-
Slavery had been going on for a very long time. was in Acient Egypt
One of the biggest roles that slavery had in a civilization would have been in Rome.
They were very important in growing food in the latifundias.
Also in Colonial America it was not just the Africans that would be used as slaves, Natives were also tried but the colonists had better luck with Africans.
Atlantic Slavery trade-
Many historians compare this event to the holocaust.
Start in the mid 16th century and continued up until the 19th century.
Current estimate of the number of slaves that were actually shipped across the Atlantic is roughly 12 million even though historians think that more were purchased.
Triangular Trade- It was a trading network that was established in the late 16th century to early 19th century.
It trade network consisted of the New World (including the west indies), Old world and Africa.
Some of the best exports:
Africa- Slaves
Old world- manufactured goods
New world- cash crops (tobacco)
Middle Passage-Term used to refer to the event/ setting of sending the slaves acros the atlantic to colonial america.
The conditions were terrible. Ex: no bathrooms and close quarters. Some slaves often would even commit suicide.
If a slave would starve to death, the captain of the ship would make friends and family members of the slave eat the liver and heart of the dead slave.
Around 15% to 20% of the slaves that were shipped over the Atlantic died on the journey there.
Dead slaves would thrown over board.
How they were captured-
Many of the slaves were actuallyy sold into slavery by other africans. The reason for this is due to the fact that the European explorers would bribe the Africans with manufactured goods like alcohol and guns.
Generally the European explorers would conduct the coast raids, but if they wen too much inland the Europeans wanted nothing to do with that.
Slaves: Captured-
Once captured, they would walk to the coast and wait for ships. This would somtimes take months for ships to appear.
They would be restrained to avoid the slaves escaping which is very inhumane.
Europeans put different speaking slaves on each ship so they couldn't communicate as well so they didn't rebel.
Columbian Exchange- Focuses more the trade network for the old world to the new.
Named after Christopher Columbus.
Many different foods from each side were exchanged which benefitted both sides.
For the most part it was a pretty positive experience except for teh diseases.
Old world-cattle, horses, pigs chickens
New world- Turkey, beans,tobacco, pumpkins,
Causes and effects-
The biggest cause for slavery is that Colonial America was expanding very quickly and the colonist did not have the man power to keep up.
Effects: That African villages would struggling because they were losing many of their hunters and gatherers.
Spread of diseases, Racial Superiority, Colonists became lazy, Economy boomed in south
Comments