Munich (located in Germany) Conference
Between Germany, Britain, France and Italy
September 29/30, 1938
Western leaders agreed to divide Czech with the promise that Hitler would take no more land
It promised the Czech army would get away from the “German areas” of Czech
Hitler ended up taking a lot more land, the agreement failed, a few years later WWII started.
Invasion of China
Japs launched an invasion of China in 1937, called the Second Sino-Japanese War
Japs claimed to have been attacked at Marco Polo Bridge, which began the war
Within 5 months, 1,000,000 Chinese were under Jap control
All major cities in China were captured by the end of 1937
Chinese forces were unable to effectively resist the Japs
Japs had a modern army, unlike China
China had not industrialized like Japan
End: US and Soviet Union put an end to the war
US/Soviets attacked the Japanese by dropping the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima
The dropping put an end to WWII
Jap troops in China formally surrendered on September 9, 1945
Chinese casualties were 20 million | Wounded 15 million
Japs 1.05 million dead | 1.17 million wounded
1937 to 1945, 8 years, 1 month, and 3 days
German Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
A pact between Germany and the Soviet Union
Wanted peace with Germany
Agreed not to take any military action for the next 10 years
Kept a secret agreement in which Germany and soviets agreed that later they would divide up Eastern Europe
Hitler didn’t want the two front split to happen again, the same thing happened in WWI
Greatly affected Eastern Europe
In exchange for the Soviets not to join the future was, Germany gave then Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
When WWII started the Soviets did not join the fight against Germany
The Nazis and the Soviets kept the terms of the pact and the protocol until Germany’s surprise attack and invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941
Hitler used the pact to make sure Germany was able to invade Poland unopposed
Battle of Britain
Main fighter plains; Hurricane and spitfire
Reason why Germany was defeated: fought too far away, couldn’t get fuel and ammo
One of the most famous battles of WWII
Bad weather stopped the Luftwaffe from their planned daily raids in August
September 15 the German air force lost 60 planes
Hitler’s plans to invade Britain on June 18, 1940…
Anschluss, means union in German
It was the union between Austria and Germany
It was the invasion and annexation of Austria in March of 1938
Very unsuccessful
February 1938, Hitler invited the Austrian chancellor in Germany and forced him to let the Germans take control
Austrian chancellor disagreed, but was bullied into doing it
Merging was forbidden by Article 80 of the Treaty of Versailles
Later succeeded in 1938
In Japan, the Kwangtung Army attacked Chinese troops in Manchuria. This was an even that was known as the Invasion of Manchuria
The invasion was an attempt to gain control over the whole province which was lead by the Japanese empire.
In 1945 the soviets invaded Manchuria. 1,000,000 soviets were sent to take down 700,000 Japanese men
Soon Manchuria was its own country
The policy of appeasement (to bring to a state of peace, quiet, calm, of contentment; pacify, soothe)
Efforts made by France and Britain in the 1930s to allow Nazi Germany to have almost anything they wanted, hoping that Hitler would stop his aggressive ways.
Even though it was against the ToV, Hitler built up troops and put them in Rhineland and Annex Austria
Let him take Sudentenland from Czech
Let him take the rest of Czech
Was supposed to stop what Hitler was doing, but made him more aggressive
Took too long to realize what he was doing
Many agreed that the ToV was too hard on Germany
Blitzkrieg
Military strategy used by Germany
Military pamphlet called “Achtung Panzer”
Hitler read and used the pamphlet
Used it against British, French, Russians
Germans continued to poor into Poland
No activity on the Western Front between Sep 1939 and May 1940
Italian invasion of Ethiopia
Oct 1935
It was the first time that mustard gas and phosgene was used as illegal
The ambassador reported that factories for the manufacture of trucks, tanks, and artillery at and around Milan were working day and night
The U N was trying to stop the outbreak of war, but Italy refused to not carry out their plan
League suggests a plan to give a part of Abyssinia to Italy, Mussolini said no
Revenge for an earlier defeat in 1896
Access to the red sea
Ethiopia was weak
Boosts Italian national prestige
Winston Churchill
Prime minister of Britain
Famous for the saying “We will never surrender”
Lost power by not being re elected
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