Finished up the presentations, now we're starting on the last blog assignment we had, the things in the 30's
Sports: Joe Louis was a big boxer back then.
Olympics in 1936: Jesse Owens won the Olympics in Germany after people there made mean comments to him. Hitler wouldn't even shake his hand.
Baseball, track, boxing were big. Babe Ruth! Basically the 30's was a great time for sports. Horse Racing got big. The basket in basketball was actually a peach basket and you had to climb up and getting the ball out. Footballs were much bigger then than now.
Movies: Very popular there. Wizard of Oz!!! Walt Disney made a lot of movies(Snow White). Shirley Temple. Betty Boop. Pop-Eye.
What was the New Deal(1st and 2nd) and it's goals(3 R's)?
Set up many acts. Opened up banks that closed down to keep the money going. Cut costs of reorganization. Salaries of people were cut down for factories. Beer-Wine Revenue Act (March 22) Legalized. Opened up companies to make money. Keep businesses and banks going.
Second New Deal - NLRA - limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private sector with created labor unions. - Social Security. - Sets up programs to set up Retail on price control. Bonus Bill - 1.5 million dollars to 3 million dollars to WW1 Veterans.
Difference between the 2 Deals - First Deal (33 - 35 helped with businesses and banks) is still set up today. and 2 Deal (35 - 38 set up for the people) one was only for the Great Depression.
Why did people criticize the New Deal?
- (New Deal was Roosevelt's plan to get us out of the Great Depression) The New Deal failed a lot because some people were against it, also because it didn't go fast enough. Helped recover the economy a little but not enough. New Deal did begin to save banks. Huey Pierce Long Jr. was the 40th gov. of Louisiana from 1928-1932. - US Senator from 1932-1935. Democrat who backed up FDR. Created the Share our Wealth program in 1934 to reditribute wealth. He was a critic of the Federal Reserve systems and their policies. His program started problems with the New Deal. Roosevelt's supporters opposed Long because of his program. The Share Wealth program took away fortunes of people. It gave 5,000 dollars to families to buy homes, cars, radio's, etc.
- Francis Townsend - son of a farmer, joined Army Medical Corps. Went to college in Omaho Medical College in 1907. In 1933 he became involved in politics. He created the Pension Plan. He proposed a plan to give 150 dollars to everyone over 60. He thought it would create new jobs to end the Great Depression. His plan recieved a great deal of support. The Social Security Act was passed by Congress.
- Charles Couglin - Preached about the New Deal. He liked the deal at first. He helped get FDR into office. When he got into office, FDR thanked him a lot, so Coughlin thought the FDR wanted his opinion, so he kept telling him what to do, what his thoughts were. FDR didn't listen to him and told him he was president, no him, so Coughlin got on his radio thing and dissed the president saying he talked crap about banks and such.
Why was FDR upset with the US Supreme Court and what did he do to try to solve this issue?
- FDR - Congress declared FDR's New Deal unconstitutional. 'Four Horsemen' often opposed FDR's proposals. FDR tells Americans how his new economic system would 'save' freedom and free markets. Passes Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937. Allowed FDR to appoint six additional justices. Would have packed court with democrats. FDR claimed the plan would lighten workload for Supreme Court. Proved to be deceit and public son finds out. Newspapers condemned idea. FDR started looking as a dictator. Began losing popularity. Congress eventually defeated him. Goes down as one of the most shameful acts done by a president in US history (to dumb it down he wanted more power by having democrats in the court room to support him and was overruled).
Started in 1935.
How did the New Deal help:
unemployed
The National Youth Administration was a new deal agency from 1935 to 1945. Headed by Aubrey Williams. She was close to Harry Hopkins and Eleanor Roosevelt. The head of the Texas Branch was at one time Linden Johnson. By 1938 NYA helped around 327 thousand high school kids and college kids. They were paid from 6 - 40 dollars a month to do work, study projects, at their school. Another 155 thousand kids were paid 10 to 25 dollars a month for part time work taht included job training. Unlike CCC - it included women. Youth usually lived at home. Worked a construction/repair projects. Their budget was around $58,000,000
annually.
- Public Works Administration - passed in 1933, constructed large scale public works. Main goals were to provide employment and bring back American Industry. It lowered unemployment rate. Constructed 11,428 roads and over 7 thousand school buildings. Also helped build Navel Ships, dams, bridges and airports. Made the Lincoln Tunnel, one of the longest side walks in the world and highway connnecting Key West Florida to the Main land. It was successful. People also questioned administrator, it wasn't run very well. Led to failure. Not around today still.
farmers
- REA 1930 it was only 10%
Government told farmers they'd be too poor to pay them back for the electricity. The REA did not go out and do this. Loans were available to local electrification companies. Farmers had to pay for construction along with electricity. Congress though TVA was step towards communism. Farmers needed to use more electricity so they would have to pay more for it anyway. People thought farmers didn't have skills needed. REA established 417 rural electric corporations. Supplied to 288,000 houses. 1939 rural electricity rose to 25%. 1943 nearly 50%, and in 1952 almost everywhere had electricity.
- TVA was passed by congress on May 18, 1933. Prez. Roosevelt needed ideas to make the New Deal better and to lift the nation out of the Great Depression. He had many options to fix the problems with the GD, and the TVA sounded most promising. When Roosevelt was making a statement to congress to pass the TVA he said he wanted a corporation clothed with the power of government but possessed of the flexibility. The TVA faced power production problems, and naviagtions, flood control, Malaria Control and Reforestation/erosion control. They basically helped out the enviroment. Gave thousands of peopel jobs. Built dams to control floods.
- Farm Security Administration - assisted poor farmers. Created by Department of Agriculture in 1937. Took pictures of farming to see the things they did.
- Soil Conservation Act - Passed in 1935, first national soil conservation program. replaced the AAA. This act allowed government to pay farmers to lower production. Conserved soil, prevent soil erosion. White House had been warned in 1908 about the dangers of erosion. Soil Consevation Emperiment Station. The Dust bowl - 65% of erosions stopped.
- Agricultural Adjustment Act - passed in 1933, restricted production during the New Deal by paying farmers to reduce the amount of crops planted. It purpose was to reduce crop surplus so prices would go up. Farmers were paid by the Federal government for leaving some of their land untilled. The Act created a new agency, Agricultural Adjustment Administration to carry out the law. It was successful for the time it lasted (35)
factory workers/labor
(unemployed) young people
- THe Civilian Conservation Corps was a public work relief program in the US for unemployed men ages 18-25. Put young men to work on building roads, developing parks, planting trees, helping soil-erosion. Provided unskilled manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state, and local governments. The CCC is also known as Roosevelt's Tree Army. Helped the damaged states from the Dust Bowl by holding the soil down. Did a lot of work in the forests. They were responsible for over half of the reforestation in teh nation's history. Became very successful. No longer around today, once WW2 came around men went to war so Congress closed the CCC.
- Civil Works Administration - created in 1933, made so that American people could cope with the depression and he hoped that it would prevent another Depression in the future. Hired both men and women. They’ve done over 6,000 proj. Created under the FERA and ended in 1934 due to the expenses it made.
- Works Progress Administration – construction building, roads, operated large arts, drama, media, literacy proj., fed children, redistributed food clothing and housing.
- Recontruction Finance Corp.
- Fair Labor Standards Act - passed in 1938, many amendments were added to the FLSA including minimum wage, not discriminating based of sex or race, not lower wages by the type of worker. Also provided National Minimum wage, Over time regulations, and child labor laws (taking it to the next level) It was successful because it paved way for job benefits and requirements like wages and overtime policies today. It is still around to day and is continually being made better.
banks/business/stocks/Stock Market
- Federal Security Act aimed to help the Stock Market Crash.
- People would monitor the Market so Monopolies wouldn't happen and pooling would stop.
- States "to require that investors receive significant information regarding securities being offered for public sale, and to probhit deceit, misrepresenttaions, and other fraud in the sale of securities to the public.
(Act set up to prevent what Martha Stuart did)
FDIC of 1933 (pays you back your money if the bank shuts down) (protected your money) - Federal Deposit Isurance Corporation - United States government. Seperated investment and commercial banking activities. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act for unlimited insurance coverage of noninterest-bearing transaction accounts.
- NIRA created the NRA fair competition should be developed through public hearings. So workers could have better pay and better hours (20-45 cents per hour, 35 - 45 hours per weeks). Abolished child labor and drew large numbers of unskilled workers to unions. Business had to follow these. The NRA passed on June 16 in 1933 and was led by General Hugh Johnson. Supported workers right to join labor unions. Ended disasturous competition over production labor conflicts and deflating prices. By summer over 500 industries had signed codes covering 22 million workers. Was not successful. Joked about it, said it was national run-around. Code set wages below what labor demanded. Farm workers and other groups were left out of the codes' coverages. In ended on May 22, 1935. The justices found that Title One of NIRA was invalid delegation of legislative power and unconstitutional regulation of intraste commerce. It had nice ideas, but it just didn't work out..
- FDCA passed by congress in 1938. Regulated use of food, additives and cosmetics. Ensures factories are inspected and sanitary. Also made sure labeling on food was accurate. The products had to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
- SEC - Established in 1934 by Congress - created to regulate Stock Market. Enforced 7 major Acts. Watched the stock market, made sure nothing happened to it.
- FDIC created by the Banking Act in 1933 two years later it was made a permanent agency. Strengthed the Federal Reserve. Helped poor americans get houses. It was successful,
home owners
- Started in 1937. Designed to lend money to states or communities for the construction of low rental housing projects for low income families. People didn't like this because the rich didn't want poor people to become more successful. The number of poverty decreased dramatically. More people came successful in life. Not around today, but other acts like it are.
- Federal Housing Administration - created in 1934, improved standards and conditions, stabalized the mortgage market, provided good financing system, and insured mortgage loans. ( Aimed at middle class or poor people ) It was at an all time low during the GD becasue people mostly rented. More people coul afford to build homes and buy them. Helped housing market get better. It is still around today. Has changed the housing market ovet the years.
- Home Owners Loan Corporation - established in 1933, to refinance homes to prevent foreclosure. It was usually used to extend loans from shorter expensive payments of the 15 years to the lower payments of the 30 year loans.
elderly
- Social Security Administration – Founded in 1933, helped everyone of 60 and provided benefits payed to them at the retirement age at 65. To finance the plan both the employer and the employee had to pay 3% payroll tax. Provided a security for young people to look forward to old age because they knew they would have this to fall back on. Roosevelt did a Fireside Chat about it. The US Treasurer will pay the states who has an approved plan for old age security. Cannot get it if you are an inmate in a istitution. The board decided how much the state gets before each quarter to pay the older people.
Native Americans
- Indian Reorganization Act – also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act. It was a legislation that allowed Natives certain rights – self governing, religious freedom, provided economic assistance. Allowed them to have control on land. They didn’t have to adopt a constitution, but they wanted to. They had to allow the tribal council to employ people who weren’t part of the tribe. Prohibiting any part of the tribal council from engaging in any land transitions. In ways it was successful, but in others it wasn’t. It was successful with conserving tribal land base, and it wasn’t because with the Natives self-governing tribes. Passed in June 1934. Secured Native American Rights.
Describe the culture of the 1930's.
Key terms:
Hundred Days
First hundred days in office - Roosevelt passed 15 major laws, gave 15 messages to Congress and 10 speeches, held press conferences and cabinet meetings twice a week, sponsored an international conference and made all major foreign and domestic policy decisions. Roosevelt never displayed fright or panic and rarely showed bad temper in his first 100 days. Passed many acts including The Economy Act and Volestead Act.
fireside chats
- Fire Side Chats (people sat by their fires and listened to the radio) - series of 30 evening radio speeches given by Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 - 1944. Talked about taxes and banks failing. New deal for the American people. Barrack Obama will deliver an annual State of the World Address and will hold fireside chats on the Internet. 15 - 45 min. long. Relied on stories anecdotes and analogies to explain the complex issues of facing the country. He used very basic materials and language.
priming the pump
- Government takes action to stimulate the economy. Basically deficit spending. "Roosevelt putting money from a taxpayer in the well and it leaks out - basically wasting.
deficit spending
- Spending more money than you take (make) in to get the economy going again.
FDR's Background - Born Jan 30 1882. Son of James and Sara Roosevelt. His father was 54 when he was born. His mother was his main influence growing up. Wealthy - borin into money. During trips to europe he became fluent in german and French. While there he learned how to shoot, row, play polo and lawn tennis. Really inspired by Theodore Roosevelt. He was homeschooled til he was 14. Went to Harvard he got his Bacholers Degree. He married his fifth cousin Eleanor Roosevelt. They had 6 kids. Attended Comlumbia University Law School. He was not yet 29 when he won a seat in New York Senate for the democrats. Supported Woodrow Wilsons campaign policy. In 1921 he got polio while on vacation. He spent rest of his life in a wheelchair because he was paralyzed from the waste down from polio.
The 3 R's -
Relief - Immediate reaction taken to halt the economires deteroriation.
Recovery - 'pump' 'priming' Temorary programs to restart the flow of consumer demand.
Reform - Permanent programs to avoid another depression and insure citizens against economic disasters.
- Relief - Parts of the Relief Act - Bank Holiday, Federal Relief Act, Civil Work Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps.
- Recovery - Acts of Associations that put 'recovery' together - Agriculture Adjustment Act, National Industrial Recovery Act, Home Owners Loan Corps, Works Progressive Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority.
- Reform - Reform of the economics(reform the banks and the stock market) Things that put the parts of reform together - Soil Consevation Act, National Labor Relations Act, and National Labor Relations Board, Social Security Administration, Federal Deposit Corp., Securities and Exchange Commission.
Emergency Banking Relief Act/ Bank Holiday.
- Federal Emergency Relief Act was passed in 1933 - was one of the first movements. - Harry Hopkins leader.
- Bank Holidays are known as bank panics - Closed all banks and they were permitted to reopen only after being deemed solvent by Government.. because of bank panics, FDR closed down the banks. government had to approve in order for a bank to reopen.
EBRA - Passed five days after taking office - March 1933.
Provided insurance to peoples money in the banks. Within a couple of weeks more than half of the money that people withdrew from the banks was put back into banks.
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