WW2
-Hitler-Germany
-Benito Mousillini-Italy
-FDR-U.S
-Winston Churchill-Great Britain
-Stalin-Russia
-Tojo-Japan
Treaty of Versailes:
-Cause of all that was to come
-brought great inflation
-lead to WW2
-Big four created it
-aimed at changing all countries for the better
-14 points: Germany thought the 14 points would be the end to the war because it did nothing to affect them.
-Treat punished Germany
-aimed at Germany only
-The League of Nations took control of Germany's over sea colonies
Germany's Reactions:
-There was anger throughout Germnay when the terms were made public
-Treaty became known as Diktat-as it was being forced on them and the Germans had not choice but to sign it
-Many in Germany did not want the treaty signed
-German representatives there knew that they had no choice as Germany was incapable of restarting the war again.
Allies Reactions to Treaty of Versailes:
-Treaty seemed to satisfy the Big Three (U.S,GB,France)
-Allies believed it was a just peace as it kept Germany weak yet strong enough to stop the spread of communism.
-Kept the French border with Germany safe from another German attack and created the League of Nations that would end warfare throughout the world
-when Wilson brought treaty back to US senate for ratification, the Senate refused to sign it b/c they didn't want to get involved in European wars constantly.
-Most countries were unhappy with traty and results of WW1
-U.S felt like we were tricked by GB and France to join.
-Isolationism-Isolated ouselves from Europe
-Countries weren't paying back the U.S
-GB brought sides together to compromise
-GB benefits from strong Germany b/c of trade
-Japan only country that came out of WW1 pleased
Weimer Republic:
-Germany
-new democratic government set up in Germany after WW1
-It failed because of the huge Depression
-blamed Weimer Republic for all their problems
-Full of Jews and Communists
-Hitler dismantled it
Germany's Conscequences:
General:
-Germany had to admit full respnsibility for starting the war
- Because they admitt being responsible for war they have to pay for it
-A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace
Military:
-Germanys army was recduced to 100,000 men
-army wasn't allowed to have tanks
-Germany was not allowed an air force
-only allowed 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
-River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone
-No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone
Financial:
-Germany lost vital industrial territory
-Germany had to pay $33 billion to Allies (France/GB)
-Germany was also forbidden to unite with Austria to form one superstate
Why WW2 happend?
-Land was taken away from Germany and Russia and formed new countries
-Hitler invaded them to get back land they lost
League of Nations:
-Add peace to nation
-They condemned the action
-Economic Sanctions: No import or exports -put pressure on countries to back off by not trading with them
Weaknesses:
-No military force
-U.S didn't join b/c it would bring us into European warfare
-Unanamous vote to get things passed
-If one country votes no it doesn't post
-Changed into United Nations after WW2
Three Great WW II Dictators
1. Adolph Hitler-Germany
2. Benito Mussolini-Italy
3. Iosif Dzhugashvili(Josef Stalin)
Define totalitarianism.
-total power
ex. Nazism
Why did totalitarianism come about in the 1920’s and 1930’s?
1. Post-war depression
-high inflation
-1923 420 trillion marks to one US dollar
-high unemployment
-democratic governments struggled to end depression
2. New nations had no experience with democratic governments
3. Democracy brought about a lot of political parties
4. Unhappy with the results of WW I
-wanted revenge
Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes
1. Tried to control people of country through fear and intimidation
-secret police force and military
2. Propaganda campaigns promoting the party
-press censorship and control of media
3. Educating the young in the ways of totalitarianism
-militarism, nationalism, imperialism, history of country
4. Government controlled the economy
-USSR completely
-Germany and Italy partially
5. All preached about the unfairness of WWI
6. Leader became iconized
-statues and painting
Benito Mussolini’s Italy
Fascism
Fascist movement began right after WW I
-people were unhappy with the results and the economy was terrible
-people were scared that the socialists might come to power so many turned to fascism
-including King Victor Emmaneul
Benito Mussolini( Il Duce)
-hated the wealthy and catholic church
-mother forced him to go to catholic school
-expelled for stabbing a rich student
-unsuccessful elementary teaching career
-joined the socialist movement before during WWI
-fought for Italy in WWI-injured
-got involved in Fascist movement after the war
-became the leader of the Fascist movement
-King Victor Emmanuel asked him to be premier in 1922
-by 1926 was complete dictator of Italy
-killed political opponents
Fascist Ideas:
Fascism: Someone has complete power
Musollini: Nothing above the state nothing against the state nothing outside the state -talks about Italy
1. Hated communism and democracy
2. Government’s role is to protect the people of the country
3. Nationalism-love your country to point where everyone else is bad
4. Militarism-building up armies and navies
5. Imperialism-conquering other areas
6. Corporativism-workers and owners work together to make as much stuff as possible
-industrial leaders and workers must work well together
-detested capitalist’s greedy ways
7. Made Catholicism the national religion
-Mussolini hated religion but realized he nneded an alliance with the Catholic Church
-brought many Catholics to support Mussolini
8. Efficiency and order were very important
-Mussolini “made the trains run on time”
Mussolini’s fascism was not as strict as Nazism
-allowed monarchy to continue
-allowed the Catholic Church to continue
-allowed capitalism and large landowners to exist
What did countries of the world do in 1920's to ensure that WW1 was truly the war to end world wars?
-League of Nations
-Kellog Briand Pact
Washington Naval Conference:
-4 power pact - G.B, US,France-reduced Naval size, Japan
-5 power pact China -Respect possesion in Pacific
-9 Power Pact -open door policy-free trade in China
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