Dirk: saving pvt. ryan: three brothers die so they go to find the 4th to comfort the mom.
James: Pearl Harbor: The Japs attack pearl harbor and in Washington DC there is a guy that suspects pearl harbor will get attacked and then it does. Someone gets raped?
Leaders of WWII
Hitler-Germany
Musilini-Italy
Winston Churchhill-Great Britin
President Roosevelt-US
Stalin-Soviet Union
Tojo-Japan
Axis Powers:
Nazist Germany, Italy, Japan
Alie Powers:
US, Great Britian, Soviat Union, Canada, Australia, France, China.
Hitler: mastermind, war genious, controlled entire Europe. Wanted to erase the Jews.
Muscilani-Italy-drug from back of truck while people cheered.
Tojo-leader(military) of Japan
emperor wasn't seen much, so he was thought of as God-like. was the only person that had enough power to get all of the troops to stop fighting.
Joseph Stallin'-alli-killed more people then Hitler just because he didnt trust anyone.
Winston Churchhill-GB prime minister. he was a peacemaker.
FDR: US president
Before US Involvment:
-What was Pollard between a Rock and a Hard Place? -people on eitherside were losing land and wanted to get land back. (boarder disputes)
-Blitz Creag (Lightening War) Come in, take out communication methods, invade, bring in tank, surround enemy on both sides.
Ronald:German, used good strategic military tactics in Africa.
-D-Day: Beach where Hitler went to attack France. European Front.'
-Dwight D Eisenhaur: Supreme Allie Camander of all Allied Forces.. 34th President.
Pearl Harbor:
-Japanese bombed us because they wanted us to start trading with them again and wanted us to get involved with the war i think.
Homefront:
-men were fighting so the women had to pick up and do the jobs for the men.
-Rosey the Rivitor was the poster child for women working in the factories.
-Food and supply rations
-Women became nurses and help the soldiers.
-we put the Japanese people into camps to keep the country protected.
European Front:
-German soldiers surrendered.
Imperial Marines attack Wuhan, 1938
-Japanese attack China
End of War:
-Hitler died, he shot himself.
-Musilanie was hung and got drug through Italy
Bolshevik Revolution- Comunist Revolution in Russia. Got them out of WW1
Treaty of Versile
-Woodrow Wilson took the 14 points to to meeting.
-Germany liked the points and thought it was going to be the treaty
-The treaty actually punished Germany
-Officially signed in the Hall of Mirrors
4 Loss Catigories:
Terrritorial:
-Germany lost a lot of land to countries surrounding them which explained what Hitler did.
-Hitler wanted all of the German speaking people to be together.
-Hitler invaded France, Belgium, Denmark, Czecholovakia, Poland. (for land that was given to them)
League of Nation took control of Germany's overseas colonies.
-Lost resources, power, and economic stuff from losing their land and people.
Military:
-Germany's army was reduced to 100,000 men. Weren't aloud tanks.
-Weren't allowed an airforce
-Only allowed 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
How did they get around it? RESERVE SYSTEM.
Financial:
-The loss of vital industryial territory would be a severe blow to Germany's economy . Coal from the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular was a vital economic loss.
-Financial penalties and reparation $33 billion.
-Thought allies wanted nothing else but to bankrupt them.
-German y was also forbidden to unite with Austria to form one superstate.
-"War Guilt Clause" or "Clause 231" Thought Germany was responsible for the war so said they had to pay for it.
-League of Nations was set up to keep world peace. worldwide peace organization.
German Reaction:
-Anger through Germany
-Became known as Diktat - it was being forced.
-Germany had no choice or they were going to be invaded.
-The representatives for Germany had no say or anything.
Allies Reaction to Treaty:
-at first, the treaty seemed to satisfy the Big Three (us.GB,France)
-believed it was a just peace as it kept Germany weak yet strong enough to stop the spread of communism.
-Kept the French border with GErmany safe from anouther GErman attack.
-Created the League of Nations
-Woodrow Wilson brought treaty back to the US SEnate for ratification, the Senate refused to sign it.
-Most countries ultimately were unhappy with the treaty and the results of WW1
Weimar Rebpubilc:
-The new Democratic Republic set up in Germany after WW1
-Was a struggle, Germany had never been a democracy before.
-Didn't last long
-Failed due to: Bad economy, Hilter criticizing it, First Democracy in Germany.
League of Nations:
-World Wide peace organizations
-They would condemn the action violating peace.
-Economic Sanction: restrictions on trade. cutting back trade=makes them back down.
-United Nations can use Military action if needbe.
Why they failed:
-didn't have military action
-needed a unanimous vote to get stuff done
-people just laughed at it
-US wasn't in it
The Rise of the Dictators
Three Great WW II Dictators
1. Adolph Hitler-Germany
2. Benito Mussolini-Italy
3. Iosif Dzhugashvili(Josef Stalin)
Define totalitarianism - Governemnts that have total control over it.
Examples:Nazism, Faschism, Communism
Why did totalitarianism come about in the 1920’s and 1930’s?
1. Post-war depression
-high inflation
-1923 420 trillion marks to one US dollar
-high unemployment
-democratic governments struggled to end depression
2. New nations had no experience with democratic governments
3. Democracy brought about a lot of political parties
4. Unhappy with the results of WW I
-wanted revenge - Hitler wanted revenge just like all of the other dictators.
Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes
1. Tried to control people of country through fear and intimidation
-secret police force and military
2. Propaganda campaigns promoting the party
-press censorship and control of media
Tryed to paint the picture that Nazi are strong. There were signs and pictures all over.
3. Educating the young in the ways of totalitarianism
-militarism, nationalism, imperialism, history of country
-preached that Germans were good.
-Prepared the guys with serving military.
-Hitler used propaganda to brainwash people.
4. Government controlled the economy
-USSR completely
-Germany and Italy partially
5. All preached about the unfairness of WW I
-made them believe that WW1 was unfair and they need revenge.
6. Leader became iconized
-statues and painting
-Hitler "Big Brother" is everywhere watching over them.
Benito Mussolini’s Italy
Fascism
Fascist movement began right after WW I
-people were unhappy with the results and the economy was terrible
-people were scared that the socialists might come to power so many turned to fascism
-including King Victor Emmaneul
Benito Mussolini( Il Duce)
-hated the wealthy and catholic church
-mother forced him to go to catholic school
-expelled for stabbing a rich student
Despised the wealthy since he was poor
-unsuccessful elementary teaching career
-joined the socialist movement before during WWI
-fought for Italy in WWI-injured
-got involved in Fascist movement after the war
-became the leader of the Fascist movement
-King Victor Emmanuel asked him to be premier in 1922
-by 1926 was complete dictator of Italy
-killed political opponents
Socialism:promotes equality.
Fascist Ideas
1. Hated communism and democracy
-communism preaches equality (why give power to the people?)
-didn't like the thought of poor people rising up and overthrowing the government.
2. Government’s role is to protect the people of the country (Italy)
3. Nationalism
-extreme pride in your country. "Nothing above the state, nothing outside the state, nothing agaisnt the state" -Bonito Mussilini.
4. Militarism
-building up military to protect, and to take colonies. (Africa, Meditaranian)
5. Imperialism
6. Corporativism
-working with big bsusiness people by seeing the importance of them. Doesn't think it's fair tha tthe big businesses give their workers next to nothing.
-industrial leaders and workers must work well together
-detested capitalist’s greedy ways
7. Made Catholicism the national religion
-Mussolini hated religion but realized he nneded an alliance with the Catholic Church
-brought many Catholics to support Mussolini
8. Efficiency and order were very important
-Mussolini “made the trains run on time” -quite by a tourist.
Mussolini’s fascism was not as strict as Nazism
-allowed monarchy to continue
-allowed the Catholic Church to continue
What did the world do to ensure that WW1 was truley the war to end all wars? -
1)League of Nations
2)Kellog - Braind Pact - Outlawd wars. (Didn't work)
3) 4 Power Pact - countries would redce naval size (GB, US, France, Japan)
4)5 Power Pact - China respect possession in pacific
5) 9 power pact - Open door policy -free trade - China
Adolf Hitler
- born in 1889 in Austria
- dropped out of school at 16
- wanted to be and artist and architect
- failed to get into art school
- moved to Germany in 1913
- joined German Army when WWI broke out
- was wounded twice (once by gas)
- won numerous medals
- accepted the “stab in the back” theory
- hated Weimer Republic
- joined the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi) after WWI
- voted Fuhrer (Leader) of the Nazi Party in 1921
- Nazi party attracted the following groups of people:
1. Manual laborers
2. Former soldiers
3. Adventurers and misfits
- The Nazi Party:
1. was violently nationalistic
2. was anti-Semitic (anti-Jew)
3. Hated the democratic Weimer Republic
4. talked of the Volk (German common people) superiority
Beer Hall Putsch (1923)
- Hitler and the Nazis tried to take over the German Gov’t
- Failed miserably
- Hitler was arrested for treason
- Got five years but only served 9 months
- While in prison he wrote his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
- Outlined Hitler’s ideas:
1. Aryans were the superior race
- Germans, Dutch, Belgians, Scandinavians and English
- No interbreeding
2. Anti-Semitic beliefs
- Hated Jews, inferior race
- Hitler associated them with the Weimer Republic and
Communism
3. Hated democracy
- Believed one person had to have the power to keep order and
Discipline
4. Undo the Treaty of Versailles
5. Re-unite German speaking peoples
- Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig, Poland
6. Lebensraum
- “Living space” in Russia for the German People
- Hitler also learned that he would have to come to power legally
- January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany
- Within 18 months Hitler had total power and created “The Third Reich”
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