February 17/19/25

Stalin - USSR ALLIED

1. Background prior to coming to power -

2. How they came to power -

Power stuggle with Leon Trotsky.
Great Purges where he killed anyone that he didn't trust.
Five Year Plans, goals for the country to increase industrial output.
Industrialization, Nationalization- Government take over of businesses.The reason Great Depression didn't effect Russia as much.
Collectivization, took all farms away from their owners and combined them.

3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative -

industrialization b/c Karl Marx said that communism is only backed by industrialism; collectivization of farms = making all the farms into one big farm
5-year plan = in 5 years they hoped to improve the industrialization
Great Purge = killed people he couldn't trust

1939- Stalin and Hitler signed the non aggression pack

Marriage convenient
Agreement not to fight
Agreement to invade poland

Invade Poland/Finland/Etc.

Hitler breaks non aggression pack summer-June,1914

Scorched earth party- Burned everything so they enemy couldn't take it

Leninrad/Moscow/Stalingrad- Never got to Moscow

Germans weren't prepared to fight the winter war and froze

Soviets pushed Germans back to Berlin

Mussolini- Allie

1. Background prior to coming to power

Arrested for violence
Went to catholic school
Fought in World war 1 for Italy

2. How they came to power

The king wanted someone who was strong enoug to fight back against the communists

3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative

Made country more efficient
Established Fascism
- militarism
- nationalism
- Imperialism
Invaded Ethiopia
Rome-Berlin Axis

4. What was their role in World War II

5. How they lost power

Adolf Hitler- Germany

- born in 1889 in Austria

- dropped out of school at 16

- wanted to be and artist and architect

- failed to get into art school

- moved to Germany in 1913

- joined German Army when WWI broke out

- was wounded twice (once by gas)

- won numerous medals

- accepted the “stab in the back” theory

- hated Weimer Republic

- joined the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi) after WWI

- voted Fuhrer (Leader) of the Nazi Party in 1921

- Nazi party attracted the following groups of people:

1. Manual laborers

2. Former soldiers

3. Adventurers and misfits

- The Nazi Party:

1. was violently nationalistic

2. was anti-Semitic (anti-Jew)

3. Hated the democratic Weimer Republic

4. talked of the Volk (German common people) superiority

Beer Hall Putsch (1923)

- Hitler and the Nazis tried to take over the German Gov’t

- Failed miserably

- Hitler was arrested for treason

- Got five years but only served 9 months

- While in prison he wrote his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

- Outlined Hitler’s ideas:

1. Aryans were the superior race

- Germans, Dutch, Belgians, Scandinavians and English

- No interbreeding

2. Anti-Semitic beliefs

- Hated Jews, inferior race

- Hitler associated them with the Weimer Republic and

Communism

3. Hated democracy

- Believed one person had to have the power to keep order and

Discipline

4. Undo the Treaty of Versailles

5. Re-unite German speaking peoples

- Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig, Poland

6. Lebensraum

- “Living space” in Russia for the German People

- Hitler also learned that he would have to come to power legally

- January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany

- Within 18 months Hitler had total power and created “The Third Reich”'

FDR- U.S -

1. Backround:

Harvard university- Graduated in 3 years
- majored in law
worked at the New York City law form
Governor of New York
Ran for Vice President- Unsuccessful
1932 Election- Beat Herbert Hoover

2. How did he help in power:

Helped Farmers
Helped Old/Young people
Helped get jobs
People called him a communist
- spent to much money

3. How did he change the country, good or not:

Neutrality
- Neutral
Pearl Harbor
- December 7, 1941
Declared War on Japan on December 8, 1941

Japan- Hirohito/Tojo

1. adolescence