Be sure to know what each leader looks, what country they led and what alliiance they belonged to.
Also the following:
1. Background prior to coming to power
2. How they came to power
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
4. What was their role in World War II
5. How they lost power
We will discuss #2 and #3 in class in more depth after each video.
Go here for notes on Mussolini, Stalin and Hitler.
Go here for notes on Japan.
Stalin- leader of the USSR
-was sick as a kid, had small pox and that left scares on his face.
-they were in an allied power with germany
-he came to power b/c there was a power struggle after Lenin died and stalin rised through the ranks and became the leader after fighting with leon trashky over the power.
-he changed the country by industrialization b/c karl marx said only communism works with an industrialized country. He killed 20-60 million people=people starved to death. Collectivization=trying to make farms into one=government tried to control farms=farmers fought back. 5 year plan= in 5 years they hoped to improve the agricultural and industrial output of the country=took 15 years. Biggest mass murderer in history. The Great Purges= started killing anyone he couldn't trust or he thought wasn't worthy, thought they could maybe over throw him.
-WW2=made a pact with Germany to not fight with one another=agreement to invade poland.
-scorched earth policy=soviets burned everything they would use when they were fleeing so the germans couldn't use it, like bridges.
-lost power by dying of a stroke, he was paranoid thinking his doctors were trying to kill him and he had doctors killed b/c of that.
-Non Aggression Act=trade pact, agreement not to fight one another, agreement to invade Poland/Finland/etc because they lost that land during WW1.
-Hitler broke the Act and invaded Russia.
-cold war=more of people spying and nuclear and trying to up eachother
mussolini
-nothing against, outside, above the state=means country is number one
-axis power
-military was weak, bailed out by Hitler alot
Hitler
-he was a good artist
- born in 1889 in Austria
- dropped out of school at 16
- wanted to be and artist and architect
- failed to get into art school
- moved to Germany in 1913
- joined German Army when WWI broke out
- was wounded twice (once by gas)
- won numerous medals
- accepted the “stab in the back” theory
- hated Weimer Republic=
- joined the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi) after WWI
- voted Fuhrer (Leader) of the Nazi Party in 1921=was a party of people who weren't doing well/lower class people.
- Nazi party attracted the following groups of people:
1. Manual laborers
2. Former soldiers
3. Adventurers and misfits
- The Nazi Party:
1. was violently nationalistic
2. was anti-Semitic (anti-Jew)
3. Hated the democratic Weimer Republic
4. talked of the Volk (German common people) superiority
Beer Hall Putsch (1923)=drink beer and talk politics at a bar
- Hitler and the Nazis tried to take over the German Gov’t
- Failed miserably
- Hitler was arrested for treason
- Got five years but only served 9 months
- While in prison he wrote his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
- Outlined Hitler’s ideas:
1. hatred of Jews
2. his plan of exactly what he was going to do when he was incharge
1. Aryans were the superior race
- Germans, Dutch, Belgians, Scandinavians and English
- No interbreeding
2. Anti-Semitic beliefs
- Hated Jews, inferior race
- Hitler associated them with the Weimer Republic and
Communism
3. Hated democracy
- Believed one person had to have the power to keep order and
Discipline
4. Undo the Treaty of Versailles
5. Re-unite German speaking peoples
-invaded countries so they could gain the land
- Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig, Poland
6. Lebensraum
- “Living space” in Russia for the German People
- Hitler also learned that he would have to come to power legally
- January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany
- Within 18 months Hitler had total power and created “The Third Reich”
-holocaust
-invasion of:
1.poland-9-1-39
Spring early summer 1940:
2.belgium,lux,neth
-denmark norway
-france-june 1940
-battle of britain-invasion of them never happened
-Invasion of USSR=tenigrad, Moscow, Stalingrad
-long supply line, Russia winter
Blitzking=bombings, war,
FDR
-went to harvard and graduated, his degree was law
-worked at the New York City law firm
-governer of new york
-1920 ran for senate but lost
- was in the state senate of new york
-he tried to hide that he was handicapped
-married his 5th cousin
-he was assistant secretary of the navy=made him fit to be president
-late 20's was governor of New York
-32, 36, 40, 44= years he was president
-he won the president election against hoover
-he was elected 4 times
-harry Truman was his vice president
- got new deal programs
-closed the banks and making them safer
-fcc=regulated stock markets
-WPA=provided construction projects for men
-nya=provided jobs for young people
-he was citicised for putting us in debt
-helped farmers, young people, elderly, poor people, musicians, homeowners, education
-he spent to much money that put us in debt
-lost power from a stroke
-neutrality= we stayed out of it/ out of the war
-stayed neutral until pearl harbor
-pearl harbor= december 7,1941 and december 8, 1941( U.S declared war on Japan)=
dec 11, japan declared war on US
-back door to war=we went through to Japan and made them attack us
-pacific war= dec. 1942, we won, demolished the Japanese.
island hopping=hitting and island, skipping over others, hit another island, skip other islands.
-1945 is when we dropped the atomic bombs on Japan
-africa= operation torch=1942-43
-Italy=was easily defeated but not easy when trying to take it over, 43-44-45
-D-day= invaded france,= june 6,1944=
-yalta conference=held at the end of the war=decided what was going to happen to germany after the war
Germany split into 4=france, britian, soviet union, US are the countries that split Germany up
-the end=death-=may 8, 1945
-FDR=guy elected 4 times and got us through the great depression and WW2
Winston Churchhill
-great leader of great britain
-gave great speeches
-he was a military guy for a long time
-born in a wealthy family
-struggled in school=he had a lisp
-didnt get along with his parents
-got involved in gov 20's and 30's
-voted prime minister in 39
-lost prime ministership in 45, lost election
-got it again in 51-55=health issues
-Friends with FDR=wrote alot of letters to eachother, met in 1941
-battle of Britain= US was neutral until pearl harbor happened, bombing of great britain by germany
-no armistice!= agreement to stop fighting (armistice)
-"soft underbelly of Europe"= Italy is where we went next after africa
-anti-appeasement-Munich conf=
-strong anti communist
-d-day=1944, june 6
-end of war he is not prime minister anymore
Japan
Dictatorship also came to Japan
-not through a political party but the military
History
-rich military tradition
-feudal clans fought each other for dominance in Japan
-The Emperor presided over the Japanese government
-came form divine origin
-descendent of the Sun Goddess
-played minor role in the government
-he was above politics
-shogun had the political power
-ruled in the name of the Emperor
Japanese society
Landowning clans dominated
-protected by the samurai
Wealthy merchant class
Peasants
-most of the people of Japan
Japan was very isolated until 1853 when US Commodore Matthew Perry sailed in to Japan and forced them to open their ports
In the late 1800’s many Japanese were tired of being controlled by foreign countries.
-adopted western ways in hopes to keep Western Powers out of their country
heavy industry
modern army
strong navy
Showed off new power in several wars
Sino-Japanese War
-1894-95
-Japan won
Russo-Japanese War
-1904-05
-Japan shocked the world by beating Russia
-gained partial control of Manchuria
World War I
-allied with the US
-gained German Islands in the Pacific after the war
1920’s
-gave all men the right to vote
-signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts
-joined the League of Nations
-signed the Kellog-Briand Pact
1930’s
-Great Depression changed everything
-people blamed the government for tough times
-military leaders stepped in and took control
-said Japan had to expand in to Asia to help economy
-assassinated political leaders that opposed them
-took away people’s rights
Japanese Military Honor
fight to the death
commit suicide rather than surrender
gekokujo=going against your leaders advice
-open defiance of superior officers by junior officers
-seen as a positive thing
-shows the spirit of the soldier
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