Mussolini-italy-axis
1. Background prior to coming to power-got arrested, got in trouble a lot, stabbed a student with a pen knife, was an elementary school teacher, soldier in WW1, he was Athiest like his father
2. How they came to power-the king asked him to be prime minister because he though the could keep communism away from Italy.
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative- brought fascism (nothing above the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state, imperialism, nationalism, nationalism)
4. What was their role in World War II- he invaded smaller countries in the mediteranion, but Italy eventually kind of switched sides, "Mediterranean Lake" (he wen for the mediterranean
5. How they lost power-he was captured by italians and shot and drug around and stoned
Stollin: mustache-allied
1. Background prior to coming to power- born in Georgia (independent country not U.S. country), poor
2. How they came to power- Lenin died,power struggle between Stollin and Trosky, Stollin wins,
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative-
Nationalization-gov't taking over businesses
industrialization- changing the country from ag. based to industry based
Collectivization-farms, gov't taking all peoples farms and making big farms and farmers then just became farmers.
Great Purges-killing military and gov't people he can't trust, millions of people killed in them.
5 year plan- plan to improve industrialization and agriculture 5 years at a time, had many of them.
4. What was their role in World War II- August 1939
Non-aggression pact-August 1939, Stollin and Germany agree not to fight one another, agreed to trade with one another, Germany and Soviet Union invaded Poland.
Germany Breaking- summer 1941. Great Britain is still neutral and being bombed everyday, then Hitler invades the Soviet Union for living space in Soviet Union- Soviet U. becomes part of Allied Powers.
Scorched earth Policy- after Germany invaded, Stollin said to burn everything so the Germans can't use it to fight and such.
Leningrad-seige of leningrad-surround the city and cut off resources, not invading, soviets eventually hold out and win.
Moscow,
Stalingrad-many cassualities, germans had 90% controll of city, but soviets held off and saved it.
-Berlin- soviets forced hitler into berlin where he killed himself
cold war starts
5. How they lost power- died in 1953 form a seribriel hem ridge (stroke)
Adolf Hitler- antisemitism- anti-jew-germany-axis
- born in 1889 in Austria
- dropped out of school at 16
- wanted to be and artist and architect
- failed to get into art school
- moved to Germany in 1913
- joined German Army when WWI broke out
- was wounded twice (once by gas)
- won numerous medals
- accepted the “stab in the back” theory-
- hated Weimer Republic- the new democratic gov't set up in Germany after WWI
- joined the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi) after WWI
- voted Fuhrer (Leader) of the Nazi Party in 1921
- Nazi party attracted the following groups of people:
1. Manual laborers
2. Former soldiers
3. Adventurers and misfits
- The Nazi Party:
1. was violently nationalistic
2. was anti-Semitic (anti-Jew)
3. Hated the democratic Weimer Republic
4. talked of the Volk (German common people) superiority
Beer Hall Putsch (1923)
- Hitler and the Nazis tried to take over the German Gov’t
- Failed miserably
- Hitler was arrested for treason
- Got five years but only served 9 months
- While in prison he wrote his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
- Outlined Hitler’s ideas:
1. Aryans were the superior race
- Germans, Dutch, Belgians, Scandinavians and English
- No interbreeding
2. Anti-Semitic beliefs
- Hated Jews, inferior race
- Hitler associated them with the Weimer Republic and
Communism
3. Hated democracy
- Believed one person had to have the power to keep order and
Discipline
4. Undo the Treaty of Versailles
5. Re-unite German speaking peoples
- Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig, Poland
-eventually took over all these countries...
6. Lebensraum
- “Living space” in Russia for the German People
- Hitler also learned that he would have to come to power legally
- January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany
- Within 18 months Hitler had total power and created “The Third Reich”
1. Background prior to coming to power
2. How they came to power
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative
4. What was their role in World War II
1. holocaust
2. Non-aggression pact
3. Invading Poland- 9-1-1939
4. Invading belgium, lux., neth., Norway, Denmark, France, spring 1940 takes them in like 3 or 4 months
5. Battle of Britain- britian is bombed, it ws hard to attack them because they were an island, Germnay had to get air control so they didn't get attacted but they never could. battle between RAF and Luftwaffe
6. Invasion of USSR-biggest mistake for Germany, too much for them to do. June 1941, his goal was Lebenisraum (living space in Soviet Union)
7. The end- Soviets push Hitler into Berlin where he and his wife kill himself, called VE day, May 8, 1940
5. How they lost power-he killed himself
FDR- Franklin Delano Roosevelt-U.S.- Allied
1. Background prior to coming to power- born in NY, assistant secretary of Navy, Governor of NY, was stricken with Polio in 1921- never walked again
2. How they came to power
3. Once in power, how did they change their country, both positive and negative- new deal-give programs, WPA, PWA-provided construction jobs for people
4. What was their role in World War II-
1. neutrality-neutral until December 7th, 1941
2. Pearl Harbor- December 7th, 1941- We refused to trade with them and made no deal with them, FDR wanted them to attack us so he could get America behind him to go to war.
3. pacific war- Atomic Bombs- August 1945
4. Africa-we invaded north Africa and pushed Germans out, then moved to Italy
5. Italy- Germany had control, not free until 1945
6. D-Day- June 6, 1944, we invaded France which had been taken over by Germany in 1940
7. Yalta Conference-Churchill, Stollin, FDR meet and decide Germnay will be split in 4 areas (us, soviet union, ...)
8. The End- Death
5. How they lost power- died from stroke, Harriet Truman takes over
Japan leaders notes- notes
tojo & Herohito-Japan-axis
Winston Churchill- Great Britain- Allied
1. Background-had speech inpedement, close with nanny
in WWII-
anti-appeasment- They tried to give Hitler what he wants so they didn't go to war-Churchill was very against this.
Munich Conf.--Mussolini, Hitler, Leader of France conference to tell Hitler he can take Sudetenland if he didn't take over any more land.-When he invades Poland France and Britain take action
-strong anti- communist-made lots of comments to be more concerned about soviets than Germans. They saw Hitler and Mussolini as stopping communism where they took over the countries, but then he started killing people
-battle of britain-Grmnay bombed them every night, Britain didn't fight back really, they just held out
-friends with FDR
- No armistice with germany- No making agreements with Germany because we didn't want the Nazis and Hitler stay in power
-"soft underbelly of Europe"
-D-Day-June 6, 1944- Great Britain, U.S., Canadian,
-Defeated by Atlee- lost election of 1945
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