1920’s
Bobbed hair
Heavy makeup
Short skirts
Sheer silk stockings
Cigarettes alcohol dancing
Flappers
Middle class
Single
Young
Steady economic
Jazz clubs
Shows
Carefree liberated
Zazz
Louis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
Big house bands
Harlem Renaissance
Empress of the Blues
Columbia records-1923
Swing era ‘tragic death
Banana dress
Sports
Babe ruth- Baseball
Most impressive career
Hard drinker
Womanizer
714 total home runs
Jack dempsey -boxing
Fast combos
Blazing knockouts
Pine gum
Brine soaked face
Football
College football
August 20,1920 (apfa-NFL)
4 original teams
Akron
Pros
Canton
Bulldogs
Cleveland
Indians
Dayton
Triangles
Abl creator 1925
Ny celtics
Affordability
Not popular
Broadway
Biggest indestry in NYC
Gamblers
Gangsters
Celebrities
Chorus girls
Hollywood
Charlie Chaplin
Gloria swanton
Prohibition-Alcoholic beverages(ban)
Production
Importation
Transportation
Sale
Movements and acts
Social movement against the consumption of ac
Promote abstience
Movements were mostly run by women
Volstead act
Gansters
Controlled
liquor sales
Gambling
Prostitution
Illegally organised
Bootlegging
Speakeasies
Prohibition
Instead of reducing crime it didnt
Al Capone
Major gangster
Saint valentine's day massacre
5 short day week
why
Low wages
Long work days
27% Wage increase
Women's suffrage movement 1848-1920
19th amendment ratified
Signed by secretary of state Bainbridge colby
The “New Women”
Vote
College
Work travel
Divorces during the 1920’s- doubled
Margaret sanger opened America’s first birth control clinic in 1916
Founded the american birth control league 1921
New dress
Unconventional attitudes
Clothing
Hair was cut into bobs
Lots of make up
Independent woman
flappers
Average woman
Didn't have the attitudes flappers had
Lose restrictive clothing
Cloche hats
Boston Police strike
September 9th,1919
Higher pay
Shorter hours
Police expected to act more professional
Illegality is necessary to preserve legality
What happens
False reportings
Prompted property damage
Spread of communism
Allowed to form unions
Protect and further rights rights or interests
Politics
Returned to isolationism
Went back to focus on ourselves
Ww1 ended
Democrats dominated the south
Republicans dominated the elections
Prohibition started
Woman fight for rights
Laissez-Faire- Do x or y as you see fit
Autocratic Dictator do it
Democratic which is better
Republican platform
Laissez-Faire(hands off)
Basically let things go
Government stays out of businesses
Dominated in the late 1920’s
Rugged individualism- defend yourself
Trickle down theory
Benefit american business
Give tax break to investors and businesses
Suppose to help everyone
James Cox
Democratic Candidate 1920
From ohio
FDR as vice president
Still wanted league of nations
Tried to help education
Wanted to help woman
Warren Harding
Republican candidate
Return to normalcy
From ohio
Bribed
Lowered taxes
Raised tariffs
Lowered unemployment
Established veteran
Died in 1923 from stroke
Reveals Teapot Dome scandal
Teapot dome
Secretary sent to prison
Navy oil reserves sent operators
Oil companies drilled on federal land
Hundreds of thousands of dollars
Calvin coolidge
Vice President for harding
Wins 1924 election
The business of America is business
No connection with scandals
Kept us out of the league of nations
Cut more taxes
Kept government out of the way
Democratic nominee
William gibbs mcAdoo
Robert La Follette
Against bribes
Hated corruption
Progressive movement
Alfred Smith
Democrats wanted urban states
Wanted to repeal prohibition
America was anti catholic
Herbert Hoover
Never ran for office before
From iowa
In food administration
Part of WW1 relief efforts
Republicans were on a roll
They took credit for 1920’s prosperity
Know for the stock market crash
Blamed for the great depression
Did his best to stop it
Hand Tied by his philosophy
Started more products
Lending institutions put in place
Economy 1920’s
GDP 6,500-8700
2016 GDP- 51,486
Electricity impacted inventions
Automobile impacted lifestyle
Mass production of automobiles & appliances
Increased available jobs
Buying on credit
Buy now pay later
Consumes could buy all new appliance
Debt doubled between 20s and 30’s
Stock market crash
In 1929 production had declined
Unemployment rose
People had too much debt
Buisness didn't have the money
Tariffs did not allow money in
Harlem Renaissance
This time in history
KKK
Founded in 1866
Any white man could join
They disliked minorities that were not themselves
Wasp
The immiagration act
This was an act for a limited number for immigrants to enter the US
The US wanted White skinned people not colored
The red scare
A nationwide fear of communist socialist,anarchist who oppose
Official policy
Fear of a communist was at the core of the red scare
FBI would go into houses and business and would search for radicals or terrorists or communist
Fear and paranoia fill the US
Model t and the automobile
October 1st 1908
Cost was 850(18.000)
Cheapest car was 250
Last of may 26th 1927
Cars
Model A started in 1927-1931
Riots started to see these cars
Different styles
1930-1932 truck
Now have color
Rolls royce
Dusenburg
Dodge
Buick
Cadillac
Route 66
Chicago- Los Angeles
Plan started in 1916
Got revised in 1921
The government got in and helped in 1925
Started the Highway system
Roadways today
Washing machine
Wash day was on a monday
60-200
1860
Daniel hess
Refrigerator
Karl Marx
Communism
Give to everyone
Vladimir Lenin
J edgar hoover
Sacco and Vanzetti
Known for “Robbing” and killed a guy
Shot and killed
Immigration in the 1920’s
The immigration act of 1924 (National origins act/asian exclusion act)
The law was aimed at restricting immigration of southern europeans eastern europeans and jews
Wasp
Trickle down theroy
Laissez faire
Rugged individualism
Normalicy
Airplanes
Mail carrying
Transporting small groups of people
Military
Major feats
Entertainment
1920 census-51.2
People lived in cities of 2,500 or more
1922-1929-more than 2 mil people moved from farms to the cities each year
Rural areas tried to hold on to moral values and close social relationships
Prohibition
At first saloons closed and drunkenness
Went down
The volstead act created the prohibition bureau
To enforce the laws
People despised it
The prohibition bureau was underfunded had 1500 people only
Alcohol made secretly in homemade stills
By 1928 women were earning 39% of the college degrees given in the united states
60% of girls went to college
Gave woman a taste of the work world
Low paying service occupants
1930’s
Farm relief and rural development
May 1933 Roosevelt signed the farm relief bill
Reducing export surplus and rising price
Controlled basic crops
Law signed on february 19th 1936 trickle down therory
Laussez faire, rugged individualism
1930’s Topics:
1.-Causes of the Great Depression (Cassie)
The US had the largest economy in the world
The stock market crashed- set off a series of events that sent the US into its longest and deepest economic crisis
Stock market wasn’t the only cause
There were many underlying causes
Top four causes of the Great Depression
Stock Market Crash-
stock market crash occurred on october 29, 1929.
Stockholders lost more than $40 billion dollars.
They got back part of the money by the end of 1930 but wasn’t enough.
Bank Failures-
Over 9,000 banks failed throughout the 1930’s
Deposits were uninsured so when the banks failed they lost all their savings
The surviving banks stopped being willing to create loans
Reduction in Purchasing across the board-
All individuals stopped purchasing items because of the fears of economic issues
Leading to the reduction in the number of items produced
Reduction in the number of items produced caused the reduction in the workforce
More people lost their jobs and couldn’t afford things so they would have things repossessed.
Unemployment rate rose above 25%
American Economic Policy with Europe-
The government created the smoot-hawley Tariff to help protect american companies.
Charged a high tax for imports from foreign countries
This tariff created less trade
Some countries retaliated against the us economically
At the great depression peak there were around 13-15 million americans unemployed and nearly half of the country's banks failed
Sources:
http://www.ushistory.org/us/48.asp
http://americanhistory.about.com/od/greatdepression/tp/greatdepression.htm
http://www.history.com/topics/great-depression
2.-Impact the Great Depression had on people and our country(Jackson)
Great depression Period
October 29, 1929-1939
Reasons
Many incomes dropped dramatically
The Great Depression challenged American families in major ways, placing great economic, social, and mental strains and demands upon families and their members.
Bank loans recalled
People took money out of banks as quick as they could
The rich were not affected
Divorce rates dropped
birth rates dropped
The depression changed families in bad ways
Loss of income dropped exponentially
Hooverville is a homeless shantytown
The Dust Bowl
Over Farming using no farming technique whatsoever cause the land to dry up and refuse to grow crops
Drought and dust storms in the midwest region forced many farmers to give up and migrate west just to make a living and find jobs
3.-President Hoover’s attempt(or lack thereof) to help solve Great Depression(Jackson)
Reconstruction Finance Corporation- (1932) provided banks, Railroads and other financial businesses with money for loans
Glass- Steagall Act (1932) made getting credit easier and released 750 million dollars in gold reserves for business loans
Emergency Relief and construction act (1932) provided funds to the RFC act to make loans for relief to the States and added additional funds to assist the local state and federal works
4.-1932/1936 Presidential elections (Ashley)
5.-Bonus Army (Michael)
6.-Entertainment, sports, music, radio, movies and fads- (Cassie)
Entertainment-
Most entertainment was homemade
Homemade- food, games, music, and even dance floors
Also organized activities
Church socials, school programs, soda fountains, local dances
Superman in action comics
stories about the rich people who lived in the big cities
Women started to be involved in sports and get recognition
Sports
Baseball-
America's favorite sport in the 1930’s
Separate Negro league
Less fans during the great depression
Baseball wasn’t impacted enough by the depression to go bankrupt
The rules didn’t change because of the depression
The Negro league played at the east-west all-star games
After the all-star games the Negro League gained attention from white baseball fans
George Herman Ruth Jr.-
Aka Babe Ruth
Red sox then played for the Yankees
Hit 714 home runs in his 22 seasons
That final 714th hit was in 1935 then he retired
Lou gehrig
Won the triple crown batting title in 1934
He also had 23 grand slams in his whole career
Basketball-
The rules were changed from the original rules so that the game would go faster and the scores would increase
The ABL (american basketball league) fell during the depression
The depression made the college game the more dominant form of basketball
Basketball was only 39 years old in the 1930’s
In 1938 the National Basketball League was formed and included 13 professional teams
Two great women basketball players were Babe Didrikson and Alline Banks Sprouse
Women's basketball was popular in the 1930’s
Glenn Roberts is known for the jump shot and he between 1931 and 1935 he had scored 2,013 point in 104 games
Boxing-
2nd most popular sport
The heaving betting made boxing more interesting
Joe Louis was popular in the boxing scene in the 1930’s
Joe Louis
World heavyweight title in june 1937
Major fight between Max schmeling. Joe knocked Max out
Henry Armstrong
Featherweight title in 1937
Also took the lightweight and Welterweight in 1938
Weight classes
Lightweight- 135 pounds
Welterweight- 147 pounds
Heavyweight- >200
Football-
October 22,1939- broadcasted on television for the first time
NFL decreased to 10 teams
Bert bell’s idea to draft college players was adopted
Draft first took place in 1936
Bill Hewitt
1932-1936 chicago bears
First player in the NFL to earn all NFL honors with 2 different teams
Wayne Millner
1936-1941
Two long touchdown catches in the redskins’ win over the chicago bears in the NFL Championship Game in 1937
Radio
There were comedians that were broadcasted through the radio
Daytime soap operas
There were many singers including orchestra’s and the Grand Ole Opry
Sports games were broadcasted
People listened to the horse races
You could listen to the news over the radio
Free for people to listen to broadcasts but cost the team's money to broadcast the games
Movies
Movies gave people the glimpse into glamorous lives
My Man Godfrey
Small towns had free movies
Small towns didn’t have fancy theaters they just projected the movie on the side of a building
Sound was new to the movies but didn’t always work. Color was also new
Shirley temple -
Started acting at the age of 3
First major film was ‘Stand up and cheer’ which was released april or 1934
She won the hearts with her charm and talents
She had roles in ‘little mis marker’ and ‘bright eyes’
Remembered by the memorable song “on the good ship lollipop”
By 1938 shirley temple had stared in many films including curly top and many others
1937- walt disney’s “snow white” was the first full length animated movie
“Gone with the wind” in 1939
Golden age of hollywood
Hell’s angels (1930)
Tarzan the ape man (1932)
Popeye the sailor (1933)- First appeared in Betty boop
First drive in movie was in Camden, New Jersey in June, 1933
The first of the three stooges comedy films
The wizard of oz (1939)
Box office winner
Technicolor fantasy film from MGM
First aired on tv in 1959
Random fact 1- Technicolor process need so much light that the set often exceeded 100 degrees
Random fact 2- The lion costume weighed almost 100 pounds and made with real lion pelts (fur)
Random fact 3- Shirley Temple was going for the lead but the director didn’t think she had the vocals for it
Dancing
The bands changed so the music and dancing would change.
There were barn dances in the country
The bands were local musicians for the barn dances
Communities had more elaborate bands
Swing-
Came from the African American community
Variations include the Charleston and the Lindy Hop
Charleston- traced back to an african american who lived off the coast of Charleston, South Carolina on an island
Lindy hop- aka “jitterbug”.danced with a partner and was characterized by the breakaways which is when the partners split and improvise steps
Dance marathons- contests to see who could dance the longest. Some even lasted up to 3 months. Would sometimes offer lots of money to the winner.Rule of theses marathons was that at least one person from each group had to keep moving. If they both stopped then they would be disqualified
Music
Musical Movies became big. Mostly consisted of ‘talkies’
Jazz music was big because it was the music that people swing danced to
Bands consisted of 15-20 players
Country and western (aka hillbilly music) was being played on the radio and was becoming a popular new style.
Sources-
https://prezi.com/-6tttqzh7lwa/sports-1930s/
http://www.filmsite.org/30sintro.html
http://flavorwire.com/411724/50-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-wizard-of-oz
https://prezi.com/hqb1alwutvjv/dance-in-the-1930s/
http://www.ecusd7.org/columbus/columbusstaff/rcanada/09kids/grant/musicinthe1930s.htm
http://www.mademan.com/mm/5-famous-baseball-players-1930s.html
http://www.livestrong.com/article/352600-the-history-of-basketball-in-the-1930s/
http://www.profootballhof.com/news/nfl-s-all-decade-team-of-the-1930s/
http://www.proboxing-fans.com/boxing-101/history/1930s-boxing/
http://www.nfl.com/history/chronology/1931-1940
7.-Franklin Roosevelt’s background and accomplishments-Focus on New Deal (Morgan)
Born on January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York, had a wealthy family, only child, taught by tutors until he was 14, entire household revolved around him
Attended Groton School for Boys and Harvard University
Averaged only a C in school, but earned his degree in only 3 years
Married his 5th cousin Eleanor Roosevelt (yes, that’s her maiden name) on March 17, 1905. (Fun Fact: Eleanor was Theodore Roosevelt’s niece)
Studied law at Columbia University Law School
In 1910 (when he was 28) he ran for senate in New York. He ran as a Democrat, although the district has voted Republican for the past 32 years, and through campaigning and his name, he won a seat.
In the senate, he fought against Democratic political machines in New York
Reelected in 1912
Supported Wilson’s presidential campaign, was rewarded with being Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and he founded the US Naval Reserve
Tried to run for senate again, but lost because he made too many enemies of Democrats in New York
Had an affair with Lucy Mercer, Eleanor’s social secretary
Contracted polio and permanently lost the use of his legs, but Eleanor and one of his friends, Louis Howe, encouraged him not to give up his political career
Ran for governor of New York in 1928 and narrowly won.
Republicans were blamed for Great Depression around 1930, and Roosevelt saw his chance and ran for president, and he won in 1932.
When he took office, he immediately took to creating jobs and stabilizing the economy
Issued a series of government programs, known as the New Deal. Some of the programs include:
Reconstruction Finance Corporation(RFC)
Lasted between 1932 and 1957
National Youth Administration(NYA)
Agricultural Adjustment Act
First New Deal
Paid commodity farmers to not farm
End agricultural surpluses and boost prices- higher pay for workers
National Industrial Recovery Act
First New Deal
Guaranteed that workers will be allowed to form labor unions
Suspended some antitrust laws
Emergency Banking Act
First New Deal
Reorganized banks
Closed banks that were bankrupt
Passed on March 9, 1933
Roosevelt urged Americans to put their savings back in the banks
Federal Housing Administration(FHA)
Social Security Administration(Glass-Steagall Act)(SSA)
Second New Deal
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Second New Deal
Created in April 1935
Provided jobs for the unemployed
Wasn’t allowed to compete with private businesses, so it focused on post offices, bridges, schools, roads, and parks
Also gave work to artists, musicians, authors, and theater directors
Won the 1936 presidential election by a landslide, and served 4 terms total
Led the US though the Great Depression and WWII
Died suddenly shortly after elected 4th term
Sources:
http://www.biography.com/people/franklin-d-roosevelt-9463381#synopsis
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fdr-inaugurated-to-fourth-term
http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-emergency-banking-relief-act-of-1933-definition-purpose.html
8.-The Three R’s (Michael)
9.-The difference between the First New Deal and Second New Deal (Morgan)
The First New Deal was all about immediate recovery, creating jobs for the unemployed and providing welfare.
Emergency Banking Act
Agricultural Adjustment Act
National Industrial Recovery Act
The Second New Deal was more aggressive. It focused more on long term, providing work rather than welfare.
Works Progress Administration
Social Security Administration
Sources:
10.-Fireside chats(AJ)
11.-The Hundred Days (AJ)
12.-Deficit spending and “priming the pump” (Michael)
13.-FDR vs the US Supreme Court-Court Packing issue (Connor)’[-
14.-Critics and failings of the New Deal-Long, Caughlin, Townshend (Justin)
How the new deal helped
Unemployed people
Gave loans to help people out of debt
Young people
CCC civilian conservation corps
Passed in 1933 during the “one hundred days”
Banks
Stock market
Factory workers- national labor relations act/board
Established in 1935
Conducts elections for unions
Investigates and fixes unfair labor practices
Farmers
Homeowners
Eledrly
Consumers
Native americans
Fera 1933
Pwa public work administration
Established in 1933
Creating many jobs as possible in many different varieties
Great example of priming the pumps
Between 1933-39 the pwa built hospitals schools dams aircraft carriers bridgies etc
70%of schools and hospitals were built by the PWA
Cwa civil works administrations
Created construction jobs building bridges schools playgrounds and sewer pipes
Works Progress Administration
1935
Construction jobs across that nations
Emergency Banking Relife act
It would close the banks organize it and open when its stable
Bank holiday
Once banks reopen you can put money in it
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