Political ChangesFordey McCumber Tariff raised taxes on us imports up to 60%. Teapot Dome Scandal set aside land for the US navy. It was a huge scandal of the 1920s; it sold land for personal gain that was not to be sold. Graphed was corruption in the government. NAACP was an organization that fought for African American rights, they mainly fought against lynching. They began to move north in search for better jobs. In 1928 an anti-lynching law was formed. The anti-lynching law failed after a few years. Marcus Garvey was an immigrant from Jamaica. His opinion was that the African Americans should build a society away from every one else so he founded a foundation and he made a "Back to Africa" movement. The KKK was a group that wanted complete Americanism. Nativism was a trend in the 1920's. Nativists were people that wanted only wanted the Americans there; they did not like people immigrating to the United States. In the 1920’s, they turned to trying to limit immigrants coming into the United States. They tried to keep all the immigrants from China and Asia out completely. They also tried to keep immigrants out because of the “Red Scare.” Russia had just become communists, and in the United States we had the Red Scare, because we were scared that we would become communists, so we tried to keep the communists out of our country. We went back to isolationism in the 1920s. We went back to normalcy. The Kellogg Briand pact was a pact signed by like sixty countries which outlawed wars, which was completely unrealistic. It was not successful. Daw’s Plan- we were going to give money to Germany so they could repay Great Britain and France in which they would pay us back in which we lost a lot of money. Anarchists were people that believed in no government. These two people were accused and put to death from the death of this one guy because of the Red Scare. We feared communists and other radical ideas such as anarchy we punished them so there were consequences such as putting them to death.Economic ChangesFordey McCumber Tariff which raised tax rates on imports up to 60% which was the highest they had ever been in our history. There were a lot of strikes in the 1920s because the common person did not do as well. It helped American Businesses but hurt the consumer. The government still favored big businesses at that time. Because of the tariffs some countries could not sell any good here because they did not make any money. That high tariff was a huge mistake was one of the causes of the Great Depression. Daw’s Act. Daw’s Plan- we gave money to Germany, they gave to France and Great Britain and Great Britain and France paid us. Troubled Industries, basic industries stopped making profits. Automobile, Route 66, gave families more opportunities to go on vacation. Holland? Tunnel, NYC to New Jersey. Because of the automobile oil industries and other construction companies boomed also. Roads were made and gas stations were built. Herbert Hoover, big part in the Efficiency Movement? Hoover's and Coolidge had similar approaches towards the business government, "laissez-faire." Coolidge and Hoover believed in natural laws on how America had always worked, using the laws of Supply and Demand, that’s how they believed how it was supposed to work. When prices go down people buy more. Modern Advertising, people hired psychologists to see what would interest people within their advertisements. Airplanes were first created through mail service, trimotor airplane created by Henry Ford. Transatlantic Passenger Flights were created. There was a surplus in food because the farmers were used to making large amounts of food during the war, and after it not as much was needed so the price of food went down. At the time there were installment plans, which i think were like more of accounts payable, which when someone bought things such as like a house they could make small separate payments. Tax increases supporting education, the population of kids going to school increased so they needed more taxes to pay for like that supplies during the school. One of the main challenges of educating the kids was that most of the kids were immigrants and did not even speak English. Taxes went up because they had a lot of kids to educate. About the time of the great depression a lot of schools shut down because they did not have the tax money to pay for it. Coolidge favored government taxes. He wanted to keep interference of the government to a minimum. During the twenties we saw an expansion of infrastructure, there was a change in the architectures of homes. The economic changes we saw during the 1920s was the economy was better, businesses boomed, there was a huge economic boom but the foundation was not solid which was why there was the stock marked crash.Social ChangesAutomobile industries, the airplane, standard of living. People were wanting more to move into the cities, the cities were not expanding fast enough so a lot of the cities were slums. In the cities there was a lot more things that people in the rural communities found morally wrong such as drinking as casual dating. Prohibition led to more crime rates and organized crimes, bootlegging and "speak easies." Speak easies" were places were small groups of people could secretly meet and drink and gamble. Bootleggers were people who made and distributed their own alcohol. Organized crimes were mainly done by the mob gangsters. Alco pone was one of the most popular gangsters, he was a mob leader of Chicago, he owned thousands of speak easies, and he was highly wanted. He was very good at covering his tracks and he was worth around 100 million dollars. At the time dating was not viewed as morally correct. Dating was only considered okay if you planned on getting married. Fundamentalism was started by Protestants who were against anything that was not taught in the bible. They viewed that everything that was taught in the bible was correct and that was all you needed to know. The theory of evolutionism was created and the Protestants tweaked so they made Creationism. Creationists were completely against evolution, they thought that it was a slap in the face to the Bible and to God. They even had movements to try to get the teaching of the theory out of schools. Teachers who taught about evolution were to be arrested. The trial went national right away. He was found guilty right away, and this upset many people. He was only charged $100. The radio changed many families and pretty much the nation. The radio gave people greater access to the world and current events. They learned things a lot faster than from the newspapers or orally. Sports were put on the radio, such as baseball and boxing. 1927, the fight of the century between Jack Tempsy and Gene Tuney (winner) It was so suspenseful that many people were said to have died from heart failure during the match. By the end of the twenties most people had a radio. People would gather around the radio and listen, the same concept of how we watch tv today. During this time King Kong attacked New York City. School attendance when up from one million to four million from 1914-1926. The government was really trying to push people to attend school more. We were already the top nation and people believed we needed to stay that way. A lot more classes were offered. Teachers adapted how they taught because at the time a lot of immigrants came that could not speak English so they had to teach simple English. The literacy rate rose because of this. The culture was expanded from the media, many small newspaper companies went out of business because they would not keep up with the larger newspaper businesses. Charles Lindberg is famour for being the first person to fly across the Atlantic. There was a reward of 25thousand dollars for anyone who could fly across the Atlantic so he took up the challenge. The flight lasted about 33 hours.Causes of the Great Depression-WWI’s high demand of goods was no longer needed so businesses had an excess supply and no demand so they were going out of business. This went along with farmers also.-Farm prices were way down. They were a group that did not do well in the 1920s.- (Overproduction)-Buying on credit: a lot of people were in debt so the quit buying things-Banks closing down, people losing their money: people who had money in the bank wanted to take it out because of fear-Stock Market CrashKey Concept: Throughout the 1920’s people started to buy things on credit and by the late 1920’s people were in debt and quit buying a lot of things. This made businesses have to lay people off, they had to lower prices, and eventually some had to close down. By 1933 the unemployment rate went up 33%. Farmers were not making any money. The stock market crashed. The banks closing affected a lot of people.Effects of the Great Depression-Banks closed-People lost their life saving, or at least a lot of their money-People lost money from stock markets-Businesses closed-People lost jobs-People lost their homes-People became homeless-Unemployment went sky high, 25% of the population-Shanty towns were built outside of cities, “Hoovervilles”-People went starving-People became hobos-Depression rate went up“I’m sure there were homo hobos.”-Suicide rates went up-Schools closed down-A lot of farmers in the Great Plains moved westward, mainly because of dust bowls (Oakies, people who left farms from Oklahoma)-Women workers were hated on-Hatred towards president Hoover-Harding Coolidge and Hoover- presidents in the 1920sResponses-One thing Hoover did, RFC- Reconstruction Finance Corporation, gave billions of dollars to state local governments businesses and banks which gave businesses money to use in their states and it created a lot of new jobs-Built dams (Hoover Dam)-Optimism
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