- Tang Army Dynasty
- They had a strong military.
- The military involved of Militiamen between ages 21-60.
- Their military was based upon a fubing system
- Fubing system was a local militia system that could be mobilized quickly in times of war.
- The Tang Dynasty fielded 634 Military unites called Zhechongfu.
- Each Zhechongfu consisted of 800-1200 men.
- Divided into sub-units: tuan of 300 men, dui of 50, and huo of 10.
- Their centralized military did not last long, it broke down when Fanzhen, or local generals, became increasingly dominant.
- Tang Weapons
- Throwing daggers, bows and arrows, swords, pikes.
- Armor made of iron, sharp to be used as weapons.
- Shield to defend against weapons.
- Song Dynasty Military and Methods of Warfare
- The Song military was chiefly organized to ensure that the army couldn't threaten imperial control.
- The imperial army was divided among three marshals, each independently responsible to the emperor.
- Military strategies and military training were treated as science that could be studied and perfected.
- Song Weaponry
- Knife chariot
- Rammer
- Repeating crossbow
- Stone casting machine
- Iron sword
- scaling ladder
- flame ejector
- boats
- warships
- catapults with fireballs
- Important people of the Song
- Zhao Kuangyin was the founder of the North song Dynasty
- He was also a military leader.
- The South was founded by Zhao Gou who was the song of Kuangyin.
- He founded the South Song after the Jin conquered the North.
- Tang Agriculture
- The Tang Dynasty made many great agricultural advancements.
- Had underground wells for better irrigation.
- Made very lightweight pumps to take water to farm land from far away water sources.
- Each peasant was given equal amounts of land under the JunTian Zhi (The Equal Land System)
- Techniques
- Heavy iron plow
- Harnessed oxen and water buffalo
- enriched soil with manure and compost
- expanded food supply
- improved irrigation systems
- reservoirs
- dikes
- dams
- pumps
- water wheels
- Trade
- The Tang dynasty was a period of expansion, especially in trading with foreign lands.
- Caravan routes traveled as far as Syria for items ranging from glassware and tapestries to jasmine and other exotic herbs.
- The silk trade in the Tang Dynasty was prospering and reached and unprecedented level.
- The used the silk road as a trade route.
- Improved and expanded the Grand Canal which allowed Chinese to move crops and goods farther distances.
- Used coins as currency.
- Song Agriculture
- There were many agricultural advancements in this time.
- Rice was improved by cultivation.
- Early ripening rice allowed for peasants to grow two or three crops annually.
- They imported rice from Vietnam.
- Agriculture tools were being better developed.
- Importance?
- China was growing so fast especially in cities.
- This expanded the food supply.
- Without the rice, China could not be fed.
- The Song Dynasty was twice the size of the Tang.
- 100 Million people.
- Song Trade
- Trade between the Song Dynasty and its Northern neighbors was stimulated by the payments Song made to them.
- Their major exports were silk, porcelain, and tea.
- The Song set up supervised markets along border to encourage this trade.
- Goods that flowed north in large quantities included: tea, silk, copper coins, paper, printed books, porcelain, lacquer-ware, jewelry, rice, grains, ginger, spices.
- Traders used china's rivers to ship goods on barges and ships.
- Traded gunpowder.
- Trade grew so rapidly during the Tang and Song era, that copper coin shortages developed.
- This led to the invention of paper money.
- The Tang Dynasty made many great agricultural advancements.
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