12-4-17 to 12-8-17

[8 Samantha]

Monday- Presentation start today

Empire that's being presented: Vikings

Notes;

How they came to power

• Scandinavians left their homelands
• Vikings began by raidng coastal sites
• Left their mark as pirates, raiders, treaders and settlers
• Modern day Russia, Iceland Greenland, Newfoundland (Sweden, Norway, Denmark)

Raids (wars)

• in 793 AD attacked the lindisfanre monastery off the coast of Northrumberand
• Two years later they struck the undefended island monasteries of Skye and Iona (coast of Ireland
• Wanted to do hit and runs for several decades 
• Took advantages of internal conflicts
• Before long Frankish rulers were willing to pay them

Power

• Leif Ericksson- North america
• Eric the red- Greenland

How they lost power

• Christiainization of Scandinavia
• The place and truce of god
• The feudal system
• The assassination of settlers into new society
• The final blow

Goals

• Trade
• Women
• Raiders

Famous leaders

Rollo

• Raided france
• Became the duke of Normandy
• Pirating

Erik the Red

• Founded the first settlement in greenland
• Grew up in the wild
• Set out with 24 ships

Leif Erickson 

• Son of Erik the red
• accidentally discovered the america
• Converted to Christianity

Culture

• Produced various forms of art (carvings, paintings, Poetry)
• Buried their death in boats
• Women had a lot of rights as men
• Blonde hair
• Every nine years people were sacrificed
• Decorated their teeth
• Exchanged swords at weddings

Stories

Thor's hammer

• Gods vs Giants
• Stolen
• Thor's goddess

Anvardies rings

• Curse
• 2 rings
• Murders/ suicide

Tuesday- Presentations continued.

Notes- Russian empire

 Key questions

• What aided to the rise of the Russian Empire?

• What happened to people they conquered?

• What’s their geography like?

• Name the 3 most important leaders.

• What caused the empire to fall?

Rise to power

• Founded by Czar peter the first
• Ruled by autocratic czars
• Ural mountains
• Formed in 1721 from a peace treaty with sweden
  • Land gains
  • Military victories
• Decline of rival powers

Goals/ purpose

• Expand and get more territory especially from the slaves
• Establish an imperial hegemony (leadership) in the Balkans
• To dominate areas around them

Famous leaders

• Vladimir of Kiev expanded the state west into Poland and north almost to the Baltic sea
• Yaroslavl the wise skillfully married off his daughters to the kings and and princes of western Europe which helped from important trading alliances
• Built the first library in Kiev
• Under his rule, Christianity prospered and Kiev had over 400 churches by the 12th century
• Yaroslav divided empire between his sons instead of following the custom pass on throne to eldest son
• This ended with trade disruptions and mongol invasions
• Ivan the 3rd cold ruthless ruler who challenged the mongol rule and eventually became one of the most powerful princes through tax collecting and other deeds

Expansion

• Started near the west Ural mountains which run from the black sea to the Baltic

• Mongols eventually invade Kiev and come into power the Russians are able to stick to original customs as long as they don’t rebel

Geography

• 92% of the population lived in rural villages

• most common crops in the area bread, potatoes, cabbage, rice and buckwheat

• South hilly grasslands and North dense forest

• West Ural mountains through the Baltic sea

Culture

• Christianity was very popular

• Architecture was very important

• strongly hierarchical

• Tsarist political structures

• rules governing land ownership

• Russia’s civil law code reinforced the hierarchy/ranking

Social ranks

• upper class-royalty, nobility, higher clergy
• Middle class- merchants, beuraucrats
• proffessionals
• Working class-factory workers, artisans, soldiers, sailors
• Peasants- landed and landless farmers

Conquered people

• Forced Russian Culture

• Military Presence

• Language change

• Disobeying lead to imprisonment, deportation, or death

Decline of power

• Russo- Japanese war

• Power shift from Romanov Monarchy to the last Czars

• Soviet Union

  • 1905 to 1917 saw many attempted reforms

  • Abdication of Nicholas II

  • Victory of  communist Bolshevik Party

• One of the superpowers of the world

• Empire from1721 to 1917

War that ended the Russian war

• Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)

  • Russian Empire wanted a warm water port on the Pacific Ocean. The spot they wanted the port would freeze over in the winter. They wanted to spot, even though they already had a warm water port that was open all year. The Russian Empire sent Japan a letter that said they were willing to fight for the spot. Russian then carried on to led a surprise attack on Japan. Even though, many Russian soldiers were lost, Tzar Nicholas II believed they would win. Therefore he told them to continue fighting. Later on, the war came to an end and the Russian Empire called it “humiliating peace”.

Wednesday- Presentations, finishing the Russian empire, Russian empire Kahoot. Bruns goes through his Russian PowerPoint

Thursday- Absent, but got notes from a friend

Byzantine empire

• How they came to power
  • When the Roman Empire split it into 2 seperate Empires
  • The Eastern Roman Empire was the Byzantine Empire
  • The Western Empire
    • The Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476 B.C.E.
    • The Byzantine Empire continued on for 1000 years after that
• Byzantine
  • the term byzantine comes from byzantium
  • Byzantium was an ancient Greek Colony
  • Byzantium was founded by Byzas
• Location
  • The Byzantine Empire was located on the European side of the Bosporus
    • the strait linking the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea
  • Served as a transit and trade point between Europe and Asia minor
  • the Capital City was Constantinople
    • largest and wealthiest city in Europe at that time
• Goals
  • Emperor Justinian 's goal was to reunite the Roman Empire
    • he sent out his army to battle the Barbarians
    • they grained control in the west
    • they took back parts of Africa and most of Italy
  • There were several leaders who wanted to copy the greatness of Rome 
  • They established the organization "Bureau of Barbarians"
• Bureau of Barbarians
  • they granted information about the Emperor rivals 
    • they got information from the preist
  • they found information about the different Nations historical roots
• How they expanded over the years
  • Justinian won back territory in North Africa, Italy(which included Rome, and part of the Western Empire)
  • during the reign of Maurice the Empires Eastern frontier expanded and the North became stabilized
• Major Wawrs
  • The Byzantine -Bulgarian War
    • series of conflicts
    • Bulgarians started to win
    • Byzantines eventually won
    • Bulg. lose their independence
• Treatment to the captured
  • captured arabians
    • killed them at first
  • by ninteenth century
    • treated them better(weren't killed)
  • Byzantines had religious tolerance
    • toward Arab prisoners
      • Muslim prisoners of war
        • treated very well
        • not forced to eat pork
        • were not subjected to toture
• Daily lives
  • Men
    • spent their free time relaxing
    • faced no punishment if caught being unfaithful to their wife
    • could do just about anything without being judged
  • Women
    • devoted themselves to raising the children 
    • had less control of marriage
    • if caught being unfaithful in a marriage-were shamed or sent away
    • Improper for women to sit with men unless they were close relatives(father, husband, brothers)
    • could be married as young as 12 or 13 years old-arranged by her parents
  • children
    • birth of a boy-meant rejoicing and festivals
    • birth of baby girl-meant nothing;went unnoticed
    • amusement-rattle and basket full of toys 
      • girls growing up;given dolls and puppets
      • boys growing up;given a whistle, clay wagons, and a leather ball
  • Schooling
    • All boys had a right to an eduaction
    • At 6 years old they went to a teacher to learn literature from the book of Psalms and arithmetic by counting on their fingers
    • They wrote in their first tablets covered with wax
    • A basic education was completing was completed by religious instructions and singing, which lasted 3 years
  • Social classes
    • Only girls from wealthy families that could afford in-home tutors received any kind of schooling

    • • Girls went to lessons with their brothers only if they were held at home by private tutors

      • At age 10 or older, only the sons of the richest families continued their studies. They learned rhetoric, philosophy, math, geometry, music, and astronomy. Theology was also taught in church schools

  • How they Lost Power
    • Bubonic plague (Justinian's plague
    • Lots of enemy attacks
    • Ottoman Turks attacked Constantinople 
    • Built powerful cannon to take down study walls
    • Went in through the left open gate
    • Nicolo Barbaro "blood flowed in the city like rainwater in the gutters after a sudden storm
  • Famous leaders
    • Emperor Justinian 
    • AD 527-565
    • 5,000+ laws (Justinian code)
    • Reunite Rome
    • Rebuilt Hagia Sophia
      • Dedicated to the Holy Wisdom
    • Built schools and hospitals
  • Empress Theodora
    • Wife to Emperor Justinian
    •  Expanded Women's laws
    •  Abolished law that women be killed if Committed adultery
    • Banned trafficking of young girls
    • Protected Momophysites 
  • Constantine
    • !st christian Roman emperor
    • Ended Christian persecution
    • Signed Edict of Milan
    • Unified roman empire
  • General Bellisarius
    • Appointed full command of army
    • Successful because of unique and unfamiliar strategies
    • Took back African provinces
    • Secured boundaries of empire
  • Stories

Friday- Byzantine empire notes (above) parody song, Kahoot