1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?*militarism*-wanted to protect empires and colonies-further national pride-tried to out do each other-by 1914 most allied national had strong, well built military-Germany attempted to build a more stronger navy the Great Britain-this caused Great Britain to ally itself with Russia and France.*alliances*-Great Britain-France-RussiaHow it formed:-germany refused to sign a peace treaty with Russia, so Russia turned to seek an alliance with France.-France around the same time was almost to war between Germany and European Central Power-France needed an alliance and seeked it with Russia-Theophile Delcasse was against German policy and hoped to become allies with GB-GB and France made peace, and GB made allies with France-GB made setting agreements with Russia-The Triple Entente was created to oppose the Triple Alliance*imperialism*-European countries wanted part of Asia and most of Africa-other places were high in demand as wellwhy?-competition for land increased and desires for greater empires increases-disagreements pushed for war-the want for colonies made rivalries stronger introducing more conflicts*nationalism*-Austria-Hungary = one main focal point of nationalistic tendencies-almost 40 nations-Austria and Hungary = main power-This caused resentment to other nationalities-resentment made nationalities want to break away from the empire.-Russia was a Slavic nation-encouraged Slavs to break away from Austria-Hungarian Empire a few times.*assassination of Archduke Franz Fernanda*-people didn't like his decisions (he was the air to the throne)-too prideful and mistrusting.-was invited to the capital of Austria, Sarajevo. Serbian group known as the Black Hands killed him while there.-though he wasn't well liked, it was an excuse for Austria to go to war with Serbia-Gavrilo Princip shot Ferdinand and Sophie.Triple Alliance:-Germany-Austria-Hungary-ItalyHow it formed:1879 Otta van Bismark (ruler of New German Empire) made a Duel-Alliance with Austria-Hungary-France made it so Italy couldn't advance forward by controlling Tunis-This Upset Italy-Italy signed a secret treaty, becoming allies with Germany and Austria-Hungary2. What were the major alliances of WWI?Alliances:Allied Powers (Entente Powers)JapanUnited StatesGreat BritainFranceRussiaItalyCzechoslovakia LegionsRomaniaGreeceMontenegroBelgiumSerbiaCentral Powers:GermanyAustria HungaryOttoman Empire (Turkey)Kingdom of Bulgaria3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?*USA Goals-Make WW1 the very last of wars-wanted to peacefully end the war-USA wanted to stop unrestricted warfare by the Germans-Wanted to make the world safe for democracy (government system where people have freedom)*Germany's Goals-Wanted GB territories in Africa-Wanted to isolate France*Austro-Hungarian's Goals-Control Serbia-Control the Ottoman Empire-Defend the border between Italy and Austria-Hungary*French Goals-Avenge previous Military defeats-Cripple German Industrial Capacity-Become the Dominate Continental Power (major power in Europe)*GB's goals-Maintain Superpower Status, they were top three wanted to be #1-Abate the German ThreatProtect France and Belgium*Italy's Goals-Take over Germany's Colonies in Africa-Divert attention from Domestic Issues*Russia's flag-Eliminate Germany-Gain control of the Bosporus4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?*Battle of Guise-Also referred to as the Battle of Guise-St. Quentin-Launched by French General Lanrezac's Fifth Army-took place on 8/29.1914 (early in the war)-France Vs. Germany - Germany won*Battle of Cambrai - 1917-German vs. UK(Britain) -stalemate-tanks were used the first time-German tank came later in the war*First Battle of Champagne, 1914-French vs. German - stalemate-French Commander-in-Chief was determined to win the war quickly-trenches extended from Nieuport to Verdun*Battle of Mulhouse, 1914-French vs. German (one of first battles) German won-started strategies of plan 17 from the French-French are really good at their battle tactics*Battle of Verdun-Germany vs. French (French = winners)-fought for land-lasted 10 months*Battle of the Liege-Belgium vs. Germany (Germans won)wanted to get through to France-first battle of war*battle of the Somme 1916-British & French won - advanced a 30 mile strip that was 7 miles deep.-British & French vs. Germans-British wanted to inflict heavy losses to the German Army.-why did so many die?.theory of attrition - you would eventually grind down your enemy and that you would have to yield..the inexperienced volunteer armies. mostly on the Germany side.*Battle of the Ypers 1914-GB, French, Belgium vs. Germany-why at Ypers? -stratigic position, -canals and rivers linked to the ocean, -height advantage of Mesen Ridge-1.7 million casualties deaths-weather made fighting difficult-first to use gas5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?11. Describe trench warfare.12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
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