Monday-
The mongol empire
Notes:
How they came to Power
- Genghis Khan proclaimed Khan in 1206
- Moved his troops to Quasi-Chinese chin
- Hiss ogodei conquered North China in 1234
- Genghis Khan's grandson, Kublai Khan Defeated Chinese Song 1279
- This put china under Mongol Rule
Goals
- They wanted to have the largest empire by expanding their land after defeating the other empires
How they expanded over they years
- Largest land empire in world history
- The temp. dropped and the crops didn't grow and historians think that may be a reason why they moved out of Mongolia
- Chine reduced the amount of trade
- Bring the rest of the world under one ruler
War tactics
- Based on units of ten
- Everyone had a strong personal relationship with the leader
- Face the enemy, go back and make them look like they were defeated then they be in their enemies trap by being surrounded by men and then the horsemen
- Used horses for hit and run raids, then hid in tall grass (Steppes)
Three major battles
- Tanguts
- Jin
- Central Asia
Mongols vs russia
- The mongols first invaded Russia
- After leaning new military tactics they invaded a bigger area of Russia
- That's when the Mongols took over the Russian empire and Russia had to be under the power of the mongols
Battle at the Ugra river
Mongol and Russian armies faced eachother at the ugra river
Neithe the mongols or the russians stated to fight
both armies went back home
How the treated the people they took over
- Mongols took control of china
- Overtaxed
- Covee
- No military protection
- No trust
- gave Chinese some lower government positions
- Separate laws
- Own culture- supported Mongols
Interesting Stories
Culture
- Refused to be chinese
- kept separate
- New written language
- Transcribe languages in Mongol domains
- The Square script
- Hard to impose written language
- Passed laws-never gained popularity
- Official uses
- Paper money, official seals
- Theater
- Patrons
- Yuan Dynasty
- Acrobats, mimes, colorful costumes
- Special theater in palace in Daidu (Bejing)
- Supported many playwrights
- Painting
- Flourished
- Artisan status in china- improved
- Rituals
- Libations of Koumiss (mare's mils alcoholic drink)
- Costumes of fur and leather
- Feasts for Kublai khan's birthday
- Hunting
- Mongol princess- moved to get special ger to give birth
Gender roles
- Primary responsibilty for need of camp
- Milked Livestok
- Treated wounded
- Few fought as warriors
- Took care of ger
- Made clothes
- cooked
- Married women wore headresses
- loved headwear
- Loyal to husbands
- wouldn't remarry
Men
- Dominat
- Handled herds
- went to battle
- arraged marrige
- could pracice polygomy
- each wife and her children would get their own ger
- first wife- legal wife
- inheritance- children of first wife would inherit most
Children
- Men and women raised children together
- No school- learned from families
- Toys and games
Social classes
- Mongols
- misc. Ailiens
- North chinese
- Southern Chinese- least trustworthy
Famous leaders
- Genghis Khan
- One of the most famous conquerors in history
- Consolidated tribes and unified them
- Was both a warrior and a ruler
- Led Mongol armies to Adriatic Sea in one direction and Pacific coast in the other
- Led to the establishment of the great Mongol Empire
- His strategy was to never leave an enemy in his rear
- Made sure no nomad tribe leader survived to stab him in the back
Kublai Khan 1215-1294
Mongolian general
Grandson of Genghis Khan
Conquered China
Founded and became the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Respecting and embracing the local customs of conquered people
Brought together the Song Dynasty in Southern China
Became the first Mongol to rule over the entire country
His ruling led to a period of prosperity
How they Lost power
Less stable after Kahn’s death
Succession
8 emperors between 1308-1333
2 assassinated and all died young
No rules for succession - violent conflict
Wasted efforts
Rise of local landlords
Military leaders - no central figure
Used troops to farm land - own power rose/reduced morale
Reason for own demise
Chinese - overtaxed, unpaid, unsuccessful military campaigns
Revolted and drove them out
Ended in 1368
Tuesday-Notes continued (above)
Wednesday- Carolingian empire (my group)
Thursday-- Holy Roman empire
How they came to power
- In 800, pope Leo the third crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans, reviving the title in the Western Europe after more than three centuries, thus creating the Carolingian empire, whose territory became to be known as the Holy Roman Empire
Goals and purpose
- The holy Roman empire was an attempt to resurrect the Western Empire of Rome
How they expanded over the years
- The Holy Roman empire was not a highly centralized state like most countries today. Instead, it was divided into dozens eventually hundreds of individuals entities governed by kings, dukes, counts, bishops, abbots and other rulers, collectively known as princes
Modern day counties that were included
Germany
The Netherlands
Belgium
Luxemborg
Switzerland
Austria
Czech and Slovak Republics
Slovenia
Western Poland
Social classes
- Princes - Raise Money for Military and had a lot of Authority
- Lesser Nobles - Worked with Military Science
- The Prelates - Worked with Education
- The Patricians - Wealthy Class
- The Burghers - Worked as Merchants
- The Plebeians - Urban Workers and Journeymen
- The Peasants - Worked in Agriculture and Livestock
Major Wars
Many wars were waged in the time of the Holy Roman Empire. Some of them were-
Thirty Years’ War
War of the League of Cambrai
Sixth Crusade
Schmalkaldic War
Nine Years’ War
Hussite Wars
Sack of Rome
War of the League of Cognac
Ottoman- Habsburg Wars
Conquest of Tunis
Battle of Lechfeld
Napoleon war
- This was fought by the Holy Romans, and the French. Most of the French fought because they were loyal to Napoleon, and they just did whatever he said.
- The French military was far more advanced, so they won kinda easy.
- Tis was was the cause of the Fall of the Holy Romans
How they lost power
The Holy Roman Empire had survived over a thousand years when it was finally destroyed by Napoleon and the French in 1806.
Friday
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