Blogs

12/10-12/14

Posted by 6jandy on November 29, 2018 at 8:29am

monday 

STUDY OBJECTIVES FOR TEST

  • Be able to identify the countries of Europe during WW1 and what alliances they belonged to
  • Be able to identify the main causes of WW1 and how they led to war
  • Be able to identify the event that started WW1
    • Assassination
    • Serbian nationalism thought Bosnia should be part of their country, so they killed him
  • Be able to identify the goals of the war for countries involved
  • Be able to describe what fighting was like in WW1
    • Trench warfare – defensive
  • Be able to identify the US policy that Wilson declared when WWI broke out in 1914
  • be able to identify the US policy that Wilson declared when WWI broke out in 1914
  • Be able to identify why the US was drawn into war and why we drew closer to the Allied Powers
  • Be able to analyze WWI propaganda, identify it goals and evaluate the effectiveness of it
  • Be able to identify the importance of key people: Woodrow Wilson, John Pershing, Bernard Baruch, Herbert Hoover, George Creel
  • Be able to identify the costs of the war: US and grand total
  • Be able to identify the actions we took at home to mobilize our country for war

(causes of US got into the world war 1 continued)

The Zimmermann Note

  • Coded telegram sent by the Foreign Secretary of Germany
  • Arthur Zimmermann (Germany) sent to Johann Von Bernstorff (Germany ambassador in the US)
  • Intercepted and decoded by British intelligence
  • British gave to press
  • Germany tried to get Mexico to declare war on the US
  • Germany promised Mexico that they would get the Mexican Cession back if they won
  • Germany wanted to keep the US out of Europe
  • Back fired
    • Intercepted
    • Mexico didn’t get into the war militarily

What was the relationship like between the US and Mexico at this time?

tuesday 

Brought us closer to Great Britain’s side

  • Beliefs of war Hawks (Jingoes)
    • Teddy Roosevelt, Leonard Wood
  • Trade with England increased, and Germany decreased as years went on
    • The US became economically tied to the war and making sure Great Britain won
    • US lent Germany 27 million dollars from 1914-1917, while it lent the United Kingdom and its allies 2.3 billion dollars during the same period.
  • British and American Propaganda swayed public opinion against Germany
  • Preparedness Program (1915)
    • US started arming and preparing for war
    • Pushed by Teddy Roosevelt and Leonard Wood
    • Opposed by President Wilson at first – why?
  • American business and banks pushes the US into the war for huge profits
    • The Nye Committee (1934-1936) investigated the impact that big business and banks had on getting the US involved into WW1
    • The committee reported that between 1915 and January 1917, the united states lent Germany 27 million dollars, and in the same period, it lent to the United Kingdom and its allies 2.3 billion dollars, almost 100 times as much
    • These payments were made during wartime: July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918
    • Because of these facts, the Nye Committee concluded that the US entered the war for reasons of profit, not policy – because it was in American commercial interest for the United Kingdom not to lose

The Homefront

  • Refers to what people did back in the US to help win the war
  • Every country has their own Homefront
  • What needs to happen on the Homefront to help win a war?

War industries board

  • Headed by Bernard Baruch
  • Regulated industry in US
  • Encouraged mass production
  • Under the war Industries Board, industrial production in the US increases 20%

Food administration

  • Headed by Herbert Hoover
  • Urged people to conserve food
  • Had “meatless days” and “wheat less days”
  • “victory gardens” were planted by schools and homes
  • Prevented hoarding of food by people
  • “food is Ammunition – don’t waste it”

National War Labor Board

  • Settled disputes between workers and employers
  • Discouraged strikes
  • “work or fight”
  • Women hired during the war were to receive equal pay for equal work
  • Headed by William H. Taft

WW1 casualties

  • The total number of military and civilian’s casualties in World War 1, was around 40 million
  • There were 20 million deaths and 21 million wounded

The total number of deaths includes 9.7 million military personnel and about 10 million civilians The Allied Powers lost about 5.7 million soldiers while the Central Powers lost about 4 million

wednesday 

WW1 part 3 – the peace process

Be able to define what the Paris Peace Conference was

Be able to describe Wilson’s 14 points

Be able to describe the Treaty of Versailles in detail and the impact it had on Germany and Europe

Be able to describe why the US never ratified the Treaty of Versailles

The Paris Peace conference

  • The meeting of the allied victors following the end of WW1 to set the peace terms for Germany and other defeated nations, and to deal with the empires of the defeated powers following the Armistice of 1918
  • It took place in paris in 1919 and involved diplomats from more than 29 countries
  • They came up with a series of treaties (“Peach of Paris Treaties”) that reshaped the map of Europe and the world and imposed guilt and stiff financial penalties on Germany

Big Four

  1. Great Britain
  2. Italy
  3. France
  4. US

Wilson’s 14 points

  • The fourteen points was a speech delivered by President Woodrow Wilson to Congress on January 8, 1918
  • The speech was intended to assure the country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe – not imperialism
  • Other allied countries did not like that 14 points as they thought it was too easy on Germany
  • The speech became the basis for the terms of the German surrender, as negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919
  • The actual Treaty of Versailles had little to do with the Fourteen Points and so was never ratified by the US senate
  1. An end to secret treaties
  2. Freedom of the seas
  3. Free trade for all countries
  4. Disarmament – reduce military size
  5. End to colonial claims
  6. Self-determination for all countries – Russia
  7. Restoration of Belgium
  8. Restoration of France
  9. Readjustment of Italy’s boundaries
  10. Austria – Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomous development
  11. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored
  12. Turkey should be sovereign (independent)
  13. Poland would be given their independence
  14. The “League of Nations” would be developed (worldwide peace keeping group)

Treaty of Versailles – 1919

  • The treaty that officially ended the war with Germany
  • Territorial
    • The following land was taken away from Germany:
      • Alsace-Lorraine (given to France)
      • Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium)
      • Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark)
      • Hultschin (given to Czechoslovakia)
      • West Prussia, Posen and upper Silesia (given to Poland)
      • The league of nations also took control of Germany’s overseas colonies

Germany had to return to Russia land taken in the Treaty of Brest – Litovsk. Some of this land was made into new states: Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. An enlarged Poland also received some of this land.

thursday 

  • Military
    • Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 men; the army was not allowed tanks
    • Germany was not allowed an air force
    • Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
    • The west of the Rhineland and 50 kms east of the River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone
      • No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone
      • The allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15 years
    • Financial
      • The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany’s economy
        • Coal from the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular was a vital economic loss
      • Germany had to pay war reparations ($33 billion)
      • Germany was also forbidden to unite with Austria to form one super state.
    • General
      • Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war
        • This was clause 231 – the infamous “war guilt clause”
      • A league of Nations was set up to keep world peace

League of Nations

  • Five permanent members
    • Great Britain
    • France
    • Italy
    • US
    • Japan
  • Four non-permanent members that rotated
  • All members must submit disputes for investigation, arbitration and settlement
  • If member nation ignored, League could take action
  • What type of action?
    • Economic sanctions
  • France wanted an international army but US and GB did not
  • Germany and the Soviet Union were not allowed to join right away
  • US never joined
  • Why did the League of nations fail in preventing WW2?

US and the Treaty of Versailles

  • The US never signed the Treaty of Versailles or joined the League of Nations
  • Why not?
    • Congress was concerned that by joining the league of nations that the US would be pulled into war constantly
    • Would the League strip Congress’ power to declare War?
    • Politics – president Wilson was Democrat and Congress was controlled by Republicans
    • Wilson had numerous strokes
  • Could WW2 have been prevented if the US did join the League of Nations

New countries in Europe

  1. Finland
  2. Estonia
  3. Latvia
  4. Lithuania
  5. Poland
  6. Czechoslovakia
  7. Yugoslavia

friday 

watch christmat treaty movie 

E-mail me when people leave their comments –
Follow

You need to be a member of History 360 to add comments!

Join History 360

eXTReMe Tracker