Advantages of Rome:
Close to Mediterranean Sea
Apls and the Apennines Mountain Ranges helped to protect Rome
Located next to the Tiber river
Contained large plains making it easy to farm
Position made it easier for Rome to conquer other lands and gain new territory
The First Romans 1000 BC- 500 BC
Latin’s
Built the original settlement at Rome on Palatine Hill
This is where Romulus and Remus were found by the she-wolf
2) The greeks 750- 600 BC
Established colonies in southern italy and sicily
Brought greeks ideas to italy
3) The etruscans
Came from northern italy
Skilled metalworkers and engineers
Had a writing system with an alphabet that the romans adopted
Greatly influenced roman architecture
Introduced the ark
Outside of greece, one of the most advanced civilizations in europe during this time
Not much is known about them since there are no etruscan history documents or literature.
The early republic- 600- 509 BC
The etruscan were the group that helped rome grow into a large city
Under the etruscans, rome was ruled by a king until 509 bc
King Tarquin the proud was a tyrant and was overthrown by brutus, the founder of the Roman Republic
The Roman Republic 509- 27 BC
Set up after King Tarquin was overthrown in 509 BC
What is republic?
-a form of government in which power rests with the citizens who have a right to vote for their leaders
The Roman Republic Patricians and PLebeins-
Patricians- wealthy landowners who had most of the power
- believed that their ancestry gave them power to make laws
- Plebians- farmers, artisans and merchants that made up most of the population
- were roman citizens with the right to vote
-couldn’t hold most government jobs
-Tribunes- worked to protect the rights of plebeians
The twelve tables-
It’s their constitution
Held in their forum, their building
The twelve tables dealt with rights of families, legal guardians, debt, trials, public law
If they lied they were thrown off of a rock to their death
Fetters - are like chains around your legs.
Military-
The military was a important part of making rome into a major power
All land-owning citizens were required to serve in military
Legions were made up of large (5,000) groups of men called a century
Centurion led the century
Each legion had a cavalry unit for support
Roman Treatment of People Taken Over
Areas next to Rome (latins) became full Roman citizens
In other areas of Italy (little further) became citizens but cant vote
Areas outside Italy became allies
Supposed to govern themselves but supply troops and cant make treaties with others
This lenient policy allow Roman Empire to last a long time
Punic Wars (Rome vs. Carthage) (western Meditarrian)
First
Punic is a Phoebician word
Fought over the island Sicily
Lasted 23 years
Rome won
Second
Carthage was upset about 1st so they attacked Romans
Rome won
Scipio
Famous roman general
Made decision to fight back
Hannibal - famous Carthaginian General
He led the Massive surprise attack
He went over alps mountains to get there
Led with 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 60 elephants
Thru Spain, France, and into Italy
Lost over half men and elephant before they got there
Romans attack so Carthage go home
Lasted 10 years
Rome won
Third
Rome went on offensive and laid siege (surround them, burn, starve them and then invade)
Lasted 3 years
Romans win and put lots of people into slavery
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