After Muhammad died in 632 the muslim community needed to make the decision on who would be their next religious leader. they selected one of muhammad's good friends name abu-bakr to become the first caliph meaning successor.
issues- not everyone was welcoming of the caliph. some tribes around the arabian peninsula abandoned islam completely. others wouldn't pay taxes.
attempts to resolve- abu-bakr declared a jihad which has two meanings. 1. an inner struggle weth evil. 2. an armed struggle against non-believer.
expansion by military- the muslim community began to expand under abu- bakr as well. the next 3 caliphers after abu-bakr expanded into the sassanid and byzantine empires.
reasons for success- they did very well in conquests between these empires, because they had been fighting each other for many years before this. well disiplined. great leaders.
treatment of conqured people- the Qur'an does not allow for muslims to force others to convert to this religion. muslims allowed the chrisiians and jews to practice their religions but they couldn't spread it.
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