The rise of Islam
- Geography
- Very limited agriculture
- Hot and dry deserts
- People of the Desert
- On the deserts, the arab nomads, called Bedouins, were organized into clans
- Clans were created because they provided security and support for a life made difficult by the extreme conditions of the deserts
- Moving
- Many Arabs settled by the oasis or in a market town, the desert life was just to tough and unpredictable
- Special City
- One of these city was Mecca
- Mecca is a holy city where Muslims pray
- Also was a very common for muslims to go visit Mecca to pay Homage
- Trade Life
- After they moved trading increased
- Many routes bc of the surrounding water
- Traded many things like spices, incenses, perfumes, precious metals, ivory, silk
- Monotheistic or Polytheistic
- The Islamic Region is monotheistic
- They believed in one God named Allah
- Muhammad
- The prophet was influential
- Was raised by his grandpa and uncle
- Received little schooling and began working on as a trader
- At the age of 40, Muhammad became very interested in religion
- Gen Info
- Islam means – submission to the will of Allah
- Muslim means- one who was submitted
- Issues
- Nit everyone was welcome to the caliph
- Some tribes abandoned Islam completely
- Others wouldn’t pay taxes
- Some declared themselves prophets
- Attempts to resolve
- Abu-Bakr declared a jihadwhich had two meanings
- An inner struggle with evil
- An armed struggle against non-believer
- Expansion by Military
- The Muslim community be to expand under Abu-Bakr as well
- The next t3 caliphers after Abu-Bakr expanded into the Sassanid and Byzanitine
- Reasons for Success
- Well disciplined
- Great leaders
- The two empires weren’t tolerant of the religions in their conquered area so their Muslims in the Empires would often help the other Muslims that invade the empires
- Treatment of Conquered people
- The Qur’an didn’t allow for Muslims to force others to convert to this religion
- Muslims allows the Christians and Jews to practice their religion but they couldn’t spread
- They made the Christians and Jews pay a tax however because they did not fight for the Islam Military groups
- Abu-Bakr declared a jihadwhich had two meanings
Trade
- Inda, China, Arabia, Northwest, Egypt, Black Sea, Southwest Persia
- Reasons for Trading
- Some money from trade went to building irrigation systems and new canals that help farmers
- Bank System
- Muhammad acted as agent for his wife for her trading operations
- Capital, laborer and entrepreneurship
- Currency
- Dinar is the main form
- 1163 go into one merican dollar
- The value wavers so much
- Sakks
- Is a singular word
- Financial certificates
- Selling an investor or stock
- Inters cannot be charged this process
- Increased through the years
Religion
- Pray 5 times a fay
- They believe they know everything about their religion and they thik theirs is the only right way
- Believe Allah will give them 72 virgins
- Beliefs
- Only one God
- Qur’an
- Prophets of God
- The Day of Judgment
- The Supremacy of God’s will
- Qur’an
- He read
- Flawless word of God
- History in the 10thcentury
- Muslims religion had impacted the political, economical and military history of the Old World
- 11th
- Part of Abbasid
- Christianity was 11% in the middle east
- Many crusaders and mongols tried
- 12th
- Part of the Abbasid Era
- Second in the Holy Land
- 13th
- Helped create cross-cultural religion
- Got freedom of speech
Mongol Invasion
- Major invasion was I the 13th century
- Main leader was Genghis Khan
- 2 strategies war
- He used conquered soldiers of peasants
- Used archery
- Mean weapon- made of wood and bone
- Conquered most of the Asian continent
- Genghis Khan passed the new leadership onto his son
- Genghis Khan was not tolerate of the Islam religion
- 2 strategies war
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