- Origination of the Religion
- Islam is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Middle East.
- The Founder of the religion is Muhammad and he is the prophet in the religion.
- Muslims believe that god is one and incomparable, that e only reason for life is to love and serve him.
- The majority or Muslims are Sunni, about seventy-five to ninety percent and Shia ten to twenty percent.
- Spreading of the Religion
- The main reason was that the Qur'an was being printed and widely distributed throughout Islam.
- There was more distinction between Muslims and no-Muslims than ever before and Muslims got more rights than those non-Muslims.
- The downside that kept some away was the tax that all Muslims had to pay to be part of the religion.
- Where it is practiced
- Muslims have ritual prayers to the Mosque.
- They can pray just about anywhere.
- Muslims are required to attend Friday prayers and holiday prayers at the Mosque.
- Its not required that these prayers are in the Mosque, some convention centers are rented out for large groups of Muslims.
- For Hajj, it is only worshiped in certain parts of Saudi Arabia including Mecca.
- Allah
- Allah means "The God" in Arabic.
- The Islams believed that he was the only God, the creator of the universe and the judge of humankind.
- In the Qur'an it was about the essence of the unity or the motto of monotheism.They say the prophet that Muhammad was asked by his people about Allah, and the answer was in the Qur'an in chapter 12 saying
- "In the name of God, the merciful, the compassionate. Say (O Muhammad) he is God, the one God, the everlasting refuge, who has not begotten nor has been begotten and equal to him is not anyone."
- Five pillars
- The Shahadah: "I testify there are no duties other than God alone and I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of God." Muslims have to recite this during every prayer.
- Prayers: every Muslim is expected to pray five times per day.
- Alms-giving: Muslims give a fixed amount of money to charity.
- Fasting: During Ramadan the Muslims are supposed to fast.
- Pilgrimage: All Muslims are urged to go to Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
- Mongol Invasion
- What Happened
- The Mongol Invasions were a series of invasions in Asia and Europe by the Mongol Empire.
- They invaded many countries included the Kingdom of Hungary, Poland, Croatia, Serbia, and many European countries.
- The conquered territories would become part of the Golden Horde Empire.
- Key People
- Temujin: Chinggis Khan was the emperor of the Mongols
- Kublai Khan was the leader of the mongols - responsible for all the invasions
- Kamakura Bakufu - leader of Japan when the Mongols were invading.
- Gojong was the emperor of Korea when the Mongols invaded.
- Genghis Khan - either Kublai Khan's son or grandson, he was the leader of the Mongol Empire. His best strategy was he would take conquered soldiers or peasants and put them on the front line.
- When
- The Mongol empire emerged in the 13th century. The Mongols kept invading into the 14th century China, into the 15th century Persia and in Russia, and also in the 19th century India.
- Mongol invasion of Japan
- The first invasion of Japan in 1724.
- They were successful at first, then everything took a bad turn.
- Bad weather kept them from continuing the battle.
- The second battle of Japan
- The mongols tried a second time to invade Japan, but this time with more force.
- Unfortunately, another typhoon prevented them from taking over.
- Khan eventually gave up because he believed the island was guarded by supernatural forces.
- More battles
- Battle of Legnica
- Battle between Mongol and the European defenders.
- The Mongols won and nearly destroyed all the defenders army.
- Battle of Mohi
- Mongols against the Hungarians.
- 25% of the population was killed, but the Mongols did not win.
- Battle of Legnica
- Military Units
- This is a list of ancient Mongol weapons created around the 12th century under Genghis Khan.
- These Mongolian weapons were used by foot soldiers as well as the Mongolian Horsemen.
- These weapons helped the Mongols conquer many civilization in Asia due to their great military technology.
- The Horse was the most useful weapon.
- Once the horseman turned 14, he would get 4-7 horses so that he was always ready for battle.
- They used composite bow and arrow.
- The bow was lightweight and used on horses.
- They had 3 types of arrows:
- One can fight an iron head and traveled 200 meters.
- Another had a v-shaped tip to pierce enemies
- And the last arrow had holes so, that when shot, they would whistle so the soldiers knew which way to march.
- Soldiers also used Halberds, which only the wealthy could afford.
- Halberds are two sided blades mounted on 6 foot poles.
- A mongol sabre was given to all the soldiers in the Mongol army.
- They could cut through armor and helms.
- Spears and Lances were given to lower class soldiers
- They could be used while riding on horseback of if you were on foot.
- They were thrown by hand and could go very far.
- They were used for piercing enemies.
- Lasting Effects
- Many buildings were destroyed, like Mosques and libraries.
- Irrigation systems were also destroyed in many countries and were not rebuilt until the twentieth century.
- The introduction of paper money impacted trade- thanks Khan.
- Islam eventually became the official religion of the Mongols.
- What Happened
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