11/14/16-11/18/16

Monday- went through PowerPoint

Tuesday- continue PowerPoint-

Wednesday- Continued PowerPoint

Lots of crime

poverty
lack of light- light bulbs helped
Different ethnic groups fought- solution: Organized police force- first was in 1838 in Boston- before that was volunteers
Fingerprinting helped prove guilt since 1911
Fires- solution- organized firefighters- used to be only volunteers
Poverty- low pay at work- solution: labor unions- minimum wage laws, shorter hours, child labor laws

Gilded Age- 1870-1900

Political Machine

helped immigrants

money
food
jobs
in return for their vote.
They did some good things, but not with good intentions
Some were more corrupt than others- led to lots of corruption.
Took advantage of people in need.
Overcharged tax payers and pocketed money for themselves.
Both parties had them, but more associated with Democrats.
Helped people, but also ripped them off.
Came about due to rapid increase of population in cities and poor government in 1800's.
Died out in early 1900's.
Kickback system
Granted favors to big business.

-Spoils system/patronage-

You win the election, hire anyone you want into government jobs

most supported their campaign and only wanted the jobs for their own personal gain
dishonest
lack of accountability- Cause of corruption.

-Political boss hired/fired police

-Boss Tweed- Most infamous boss- New York City- Democrat- worked in Tammany Hall

-Like a pyramid: Workers and captains on bottom, then wards, then on top, the boss.

Reforming Government- Pendleton Civil Service Act- 1883

Required most government jobs to be given through a merit system based on test scores
1883: 14,000/117,000 gov't jobs required tests
1900: 100,000/200,000 gov't jobs required tests.

Thursday- Continue presentation

Good presidents brought change

Friday- Go over questions, continue presentation

Advances and technologies

Expanding public education

before the mid 1800's, education was only for the wealthy
most states had public schools by 1865, but many school-aged children still received no formal education- worked in factories instead
between 1865-1895, stated passed laws requiring 12-16 weeks annually of school
classes focused of the "3 R's"- reading, "riting", and "rithmetic"
memorization and recitation was very common
Elementary school took off quickly
high school and college lagged behind a bit and finally boomed around WWII
"The lecture"- most people can't read or write

-Factory school

African American and Immigrant EDU

African Americans mostly excluded from public schools or had to attend segregated schools
in 1910, 3% of African Americans between the ages of 15-19 attended high school
immigrants were encouraged to go to school
most European immigrant families sent their children to the public schools for free
children learned English and became "Americanized"

Religion in School

public schools had mandatory readings from the Protestant Bible
many catholic families were concerned
catholic communities set up parochial schools to give their children a Catholic education
-parochial school: a school supported by a church parish

Higher Education

Segregation

Literacy test
Poll tax
Grandfather Clause (1-1-1867)- if your grandfather could vote before Jan. 1st. 1867, you were allowed to vote.

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