Monday-
Immigration notes-
Why are immigrants disliked in the US in the late 1800's/early 1900's? The fact of them being different (different colors, language, religion, etc..). Immigrants took up more space and jobs.. along with keeping wages low. **Racism
Chinese Exclusion Act- 1882- Banned all Chinese immigration to the US from 1882- 1902.. They banned them because they took jobs but most was based on racism
Gentleman's Agreement-1907- Informal agreement between the US and Japan (No official document but both agreed). The US would restrict Japanese immigrants and Japan would not allow immigrants to be sent over. The goal was to reduce tensions between the US and Japan.. The tension was segregation in schools in Sans Francisco and Japan had just won a war between Russia and them so we were becoming concerned with them and their military power.
7.2 Notes
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
- Immigrants
- Job opportunities
- Farmers moved to the city due to struggling on the farm
- African- Americans moved into the cities
- Cities offered more entertainment and fun
What problems did cities face due to the rapid increase in population?
- Cramped, old, dirty, housing-tenements
- Poor people
- Lack of good transportation
- Lack of safe drinking water
- Disease was very common
- Crime
- Fires
- Poverty due to low pay -- causes crime
Jacob Riss "How the Other Half Lives - Jacob Riss (A book he wrote) - he would go around and take pictures of the poor and their living.. he did it to show the rich how others were living
What did people/organizations do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
- Garbage/pollution problems
- Fires -- They started organizing firefighters , better building techniques
- Diseases - Lack of safe drinking water , Scientist had proven that diseases were spread through unsafe drinking water , In the early 1900's chlorine was added to the water to help eliminate disease -- Federal regulation of drinking water quality began in 1914 which continued to strengthen over the decades -- When horses were replaced diseases were somewhat fixed , indoor plumbing
- Cramped, old, dirty housing -- cities put restrictions on building wood-frame structures , The Tenement Act of 1867 defined a tenement for the first time and set construction regulations , Among these were the requirement of one toilet per 20 people , Tenement House Law 1901 -- Outlawed the construction of new tenements on 25-foot lots, and mandated improved sanitary conditions, fire escapes, and access of light
- Lack of good transportation -- Subway, Trolleys, Electric street cars, trains, bicycles, Horses (Airplanes 1960 for mass transportation but the airplane was invented in 1903) CARS -- 1900 Bradley Gasoline Runabout , 1903 Ford Model A -- The Motorcycles came about , William Harley Davidson -- Bus in 1925
- George A. Waring Jr. - New York City- 1895 -- He organized modern recycling, street sweeping, and garbage collection (All his worker would wear white -- to look clean) He also started the garbage collection early 1900's
- Crime -- Organized police force (1883) , Police became full time employees of the city-not volunteers , by 1911 fingerprints were first accepted by the U.S. courts as a reliable means of identification
- Poverty -- labor unions , minimum wage laws , shorter hours , child labor
Tuesday-
Continued with notes --- I added to the above notes
Wednesday-
Continued with notes --- I added to the above notes
7.3 NOTES
The Gilded Age- *To be covered with gold* .. 1870's - 1900
What was the political machine(organization) and what did they do for a city? A political organization, usually controlled by a single "boss", that controlled votes and had administrative control of a city, country, state. Every city and party each had their machines. They gave things to people and helped them in return of their vote. They died out in the early 1900's
Machine Organization Pyramid of importance/power
- City Boss - power broker (most were Democrats and many were immigrants themselves)
- Ward Bosses (Everything revolved around them -- why they are in the middle)
- Workers and Captains
Explain Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring --
Boss Tweed-
Presidents -- 1869 - 1921 -- A lot of one term presidents
Reform Presidents-
Rutherford B. Hayes - Republican
James Garfield - Shot and killed -- republican -- Garfield should have lived , he was shot twice (once in the arm and once in the back but it didn't hit any arteries or the spinal cord) the Doctor Bliss was the cause of his death because he was careless with his actions of being unsanitary and going against that germs didn't exist
Chester Arthur - Was the VP of Garfield when he was shot and killed -- Republican
Grover Cleveland - Democrat -- 2 non consecutive terms (Never happened before)
Benjamin Harrison - one term -- republican
Teddy Roosevelt --
Woodrow Wilson -- Democrat -- Lots of positive things happened
Status Quo Presidents -
Ulysses S. Grant -- Republican - General for the North - Goes down as one of our worst president , lot of corruption done
William McKinley - Republican - murdered - last president to serve in the civil war
William Howard Taft
What causes all corruption in government?
- Federal - there was a lot of corruption in government -- kickback system -- granting favors to big business
- Spoil system -- people who got elected helped with her, dishonest people , lack of accountability
What laws came about to reform government?
I specific Law -- Pendleton Civil Service Act 1833
- Required most government jobs to be given through a merit system based on test scores, 1883: 14000/117000 gov't jobs required test , 1900: 100,000 - 200,000 gov't jobs required test
Thursday-
More notes -- added above ^
Friday-
Chapter 8
What advances in science and tech. help solve urban problems? Sky scrapers (saved space) - electric streetcars - subways - cash register (revolutionized shops) - automatic dishwasher - vacuum - radio - airplane - Kodak camera - light bulb (made lighting more efficient and made workers be able to work more) - telephone - typewriter - era of lots in lots of inventions
How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's? Before the mid 1800's, education was for the wealthy - most kids were sent to work to make money for families - Most states had public schools by 1865 - between 1865-1895, states passed laws requiring 12-16 weeks annually of school - classes focused on the "3 R's" - reading , "riting" , and "rithmetic" .. memorization and recitation was very common
Typical school room - One room school houses (K-8) , chalk boards , "The Lecture" became a popular strategy for teachers because for one they couldn't write - schools were set up like a factory during the industrial rev. - "One size fits all" prepared students to work in factories upon finishing school - Assembly like (students testes and if passed they moved on in the line)
Education- African Americans were mostly excluded from public schools or had to attend segregated schools - in 1910, 3% of African Americans between the ages of 15-19 attended HS - immigrants were encouraged to go to school (So they could Americanize them) - most European immigrant families sent their children to free public schools - private schools came about when people didn't want their children going to school with people who didn't have the same beliefs
Religion in schools - public schools had mandatory readings from the Protestant Bible , many Catholic families were concerned , Catholic communities set up parochial schools (a school supported by a church parish) to give their children a Catholic Education
Higher Education - from 1880-1920, college enrollments quadrupled , HS diploma and entrance exams were used in admittance purpose , Morrill Act - 1962 (ISU 1858 - Drake - 1881 )
What laws and restrictions were put up on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstitution ended?
Literacy Test - test that was designed to keep blacks from voting because they weren't educated
Poll Tax - blacks were to poor to vote
Grandfather Clause - (1-1-1867) if your grandfather could vote before that date you could vote
Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson?
Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
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