Posted by 2ndDerek on November 13, 2012 at 12:57pm
THE RISE OF THE ISLAMGeography■limited ag.■Hot and dry desertsPeople of the deserts■On the deserts, the Arabs nomads, called Bedouins were organized into clans■These clans were created because they provided security and support for a life made difficult by the extreme conditions of the desert■Bedouins ideals: courage, loyalt to family, and warrior skillsMoving■By 600 A.D. many Arabs had chosen to settle bu an oasis or in a market town, the desert life was too tough and unpredictable■Larger towns near the western coast of Arabis became market towns for local, regional, and long-distance trade goodsSpecial City■One of these cities was Mecca■Mecca is a holy city where Muslims pray towards■Also it is very common for Muslims to go visit Mecca to pay homageTrade Life■After these people had moved into the larger cities, the trading increased as well■Many routes because of the bodies of water that surrounded the area■Traded many things like spices, incense, perfumes, precious metals, ivory, silk.Monotheistic or Polytheistic■Islamic religion is monotheistic■They believe in one God called AllahMuhammad■Very infulential figure■Was raised by his grandfather and uncle■He received little schooling and began working as a trader■At the age of 40, Mehammad became very interested in religionGeneral Info■Islam means "submission to the will of Allah"■Muslim means "one who has submitted."Islam GrowsNew Leader■After Muhammad died in 632, the Muslim community needed to take the decision on who would be their nect religious leader.■They selected one of Muhhamad's good friends named Abu-Baker to become the first caliph meaning succesorIssues■Not everyone was weloming of the caliph■Sometribes around the Arabian Peninsula abandoned Islam completely■Others wouldnt pay taxes■Some individual even devalred thmselves to be prophets.Attempts to resolve■Abu-Bakr declared a jihad which has two meanings- an inner struggle with evil and an armed struggle against a non-believerExpansion by military■The Muslim com. began to expand under Abu-Bakr as well■The next 3 caliphers after Abu-Bakr expanded into the Sassanid and Byzantine empiresReason for Success■Did very well in conquest between these empire bc they had been fighting each other for many yrs before■Well disciplined■Great leaders■The two empires werent tolerant of the religions in their conquered area so their Muslims in the empires would often help the other Muslims that invade the empiresTreatment of Conquered People■The Qur'an does not allow for Muslims to force others to convert to this religion■Muslims allowed the Christians and Jews to practice their religions but they couldn't spread it■They made the Christians and Jews pay a tax however bc they didnt fight for the Islam military groupdMUSLIM EMPIRE LITERATURE-West and South Asian stories and folktales-Arabian Nights-Tales: Ancient and Medieval times- Arabic, Persian, Egyptian, and Mesopotamian folklore-Shows the growing of the urban Islamic culture variety through variety and complexityThe Book of One Thousands and One Nights Story-About a Persian king and his new brideDiscovers his brothers wife is unfaitfulExecuted his wife due to her secretThink all women are the sameThe king, Shahryar begins to marry virgins and then executes them the next morningThe last woman he was planning to execute kept tell him good stories and wouldnt finish so she could stay aliveWritten by Al-ShakyhConsidered one of the greatest poetsPoems were written in PersianGenres-Poetry- rhymed--novels, short stories, and dramasqitah- literary used for the less serious matter of everday lifeMasnavi-ryhimg coupletRoba'i- form of quatrain win which first second, fourth lines rhymeMorals and Message-Worshipped one God Allah-Golden Rule of the Qur'an; Treat other how you wanna be treated-Muslims participate in Ramadan which is held the same month the Qur'an came out-Muslims must obey Allah-Morals were to perfrom good deeds- Must perform religious ritualsARTWORK AND ARCHITECTURE-CALIGRAPHY- a type of visual art related to writing-ARABESQUE- an ornamental design of interwined flowing lines found in decorationsArtwork-Artwork reflects their cultural values-They repeated a lot of geometric dsigns which is arabesqueArt in Religion-Did art in floral and shaped designs bc they thought basing artwork off people was a sin and was forbidden in the Qur'anArchitecture-First buldings were built in the Islamic EMpire were designed by Greek architectsKairoun- like our churchesFamous Buildings-Sacred Mosque is located in the city of Meccas. Where Muslims wroshiped- Quadrangle surrounded by stone wallsDome of Rock-Centre of a greater Muslim shrineMuslim caligraphy-Cursive was easier to read and write-Based on Arabic Script-Most respected form of religious Art
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