10/8 - Blogs - History 360

Rome

Geography
- Built on 7 rolling hills around the Tiber river
- Half way between the alps and the southern tip
- The early years
  - From 1000 to 500 bc
  - Three main groups
    - Latins
    - Greeks
      - 750 to 600 bc established colonies in southern Italy and Sicily
      - Became prosperous cities
      - Brought all of Italy into closer contact with Greek civilization
  - Etruscans
    - Native to northern Italy
    - Skilled metal workers and engeneers
    - Infleuntal in development of civilization
    - Romans used their alphabet
    - Also adopted some of their archatecture
Latins built the original cluster of wooden huts on top of one of the hill
Republic
- form of government in which the the power rests citizens when they vote
- rome vvoters
  - free born
  - male
  - landowners
  - classes
    - pratricians
      - wealthy land owners
      - inherited power
      - claimed the right due to ancestry
      - barred plebians from holding government office
plebeians
- common person,, still voted, farmers merchants
- officials of rome allowed them to form their own assambly and elect their own leaders to protect their rights from the patrician officials,, called tribunes
- government
  - 2 consuls=to president
    - Served a 1 year term
Legislative
- Senate
  - High social and economic status
  - Serve for life
  - Advise consuls
  - Centuriate assambly
    - Soldiers only
    - Chose consuls
    - Serve for life
  - Tribal assembly
    - Ordinary ditizens
    - Serve for life
    - Makes laws
Judicial
- 8 judges
- 1 year term, selected by centuriate
- One to oversee civil
- One to oversee criminal,
- The rest oversee the terrirries
Legal code
- 12 tables
- List of supreme rules
- Equal to constitution
Army
- Tons of pride
- All men who held land had to be in it
- Some of the high public offices required 10 years of service
- Organization
  - Legions
    - 5,000 ppl per
    - A group of cavalry supports each one
    - Military organization and fighting skill were key factors in romes rise to greatness
    - Broken down into centuries (80)
Expansion
- By 4^th century bc the romans dominated central Italy
- Had defeated the etruscans to the north
- And the Greek city states to the south
Treatment of the fallen civilizations
- Latins on the tiber became full citzens
- In the terrorty farther from rome, ppl were citizens, couldn’t vote
- Remaining people became allies of rome
- Research
  - Punic wars and Hannibal
  - Discuss who faught in the war
  - Key players
  - Who won the war
  - Lasting effects, rome and carthage
  - Punic wars
    - 3 wars ,Rome vs carthage
    - 1^st war was over control of sicicly
    - 2^nd was when Hannibal became general and wanted to aveng the first attack
    - Scipio attacked carthage and hannable retreated and faught back at native city
    - Rome wone in all of them, each harder than the last
    - 1-2 Rome was defensive
    - 3 they were aggressor
    - Key players
      - Hannibal
      - Scipio
      - Cincinnatus
Lasting effects
- Showed the civilizations of mediterrainian that Rome was dominant force
- By 70 bc Rome was ruler of most of the mediterranian coast
Roman republicII
- Shortly after their victory in the punic wars the quick and rapid expantion began to hurt econemys
- Land was going to larg estate and the small farmers were not making money and were out of jobs
- One of the reasons for civil war
Julias ceasar
- Debate info
- Another war broke out because of his death
Avengers of ceaser
- Octavian
- Mark antony
- Lepidus
- All three became 2^nd trimvurite
- Octavian forced lepicus out
- Mark antony fell in love with Cleopatra, followed her to Egypt
- Left Octavian to be sole leader
Agustus
- Octavian was a good leader
- Masses loved him
- Refered to himself as agustus
  - Meant exaulted one
  - Rome was at peak power here
  - Until 180ad
  - Pax romana
  - Roman peace
Hanable crossing the alps
- Greatest achievments of ancient war
- During the second punic war
- Crossed the alps
- Took 16 days
- Many of the elephants died
Why
- Thought it would give him a better chance against the romans
- Wars were fought over pure hatred
It was not a good idea because all of the elephants except two or three died
How did he not forsee this
Trade
- Vital
- Common items
  - Beef
  - Corn
  - Iron
  - Glassware
  - Lead
  - Leather
  - Marble
  - Olive oil
  - Perfmes
Partners
- Spain
- Ffrance
- Middle east
Rivers
- Tiber
- Mediterranean sea
- Black sea
Two wtrade routs extended to
- Egypt
- Germany
- China
Empires locaton rround the Mediterranean sea helped to make all this possible
Trade is good because it allows for cultural exchange as well as the exchange of goods
Agriculture
- Crop rotation
- Imported wheat from the conqured Egypt
- Plantations were calld latifundias
- cicero considered farming the best of all roman occupations
- the main crop was wheat and bread and was present at all meals
- majority of work was done by slaves and students
- main source of income
- certain types of foods were free
- there was a mixture of crops produced
- 4 systems of farm management
  - Work done by owner and family
  - Tenant farming
  - Share cropiong
  - Owner lent out farms
  - Slavery general information
    - Dependant on slaves
    - Slaves
      - Forginers
      - Didn’t depend on race
      - Desperate romans sold their childrent into slavey
      - When freed they were plebians
      - Some were gladiators
      - Some debt slavery
      - Saturnilla Christmas for the slaves where slaves and masters switched places
      - During this delebration the aster proformed the dasks of the slaves
      - Way to show respect and admiration
Tasks
- Manual labor
- Domestic servie
- Highly educated ones could be teachers and doctors
- Working of farms
- Managed shops for store owners
- Worked on public buildings
Gladiatros
- Faught between an armed man and a criminal
- Wild animal
- Or soldier
- Fought in the coliseam in front of lots of peopld
- Risked sodal standing and their lives for glory
- Had costumes and scenery
- Rules
  - Thumbs up lived
  - Thumbs down died
  - Order of events
    - Animal hunts
    - Emporer would shoot down from his box with a bow
    - Bestiarii these were gladiators trained to fight tigers and lions
    - Criminals were sentenced to fight wild beast without skills weapons or armor
    - Emporers
      - Tiberus
        Adopted son of agustus
        22 years 6 months
        Possibly killed by caligua
        Was a crule tyaant
Caligua
- Great nephue of tyberius
- 3 years 10 months
- Assinated in a conspiracy involving seantors and garddes
- Insane
- Almost made his horse consul
- Marched an army hundreds of miles for sea shells
Cladius
- Nephue of Tiberius and uncle of caligua
- 13 years and 9 months
- Weak and foolish emperor
- Allowed crule acts to be commited in his name
- Invired people to dinner he had just had killed
Nero
- 13 years 8 months
- Adopted son and step son of cladius
- Monster of vanituy and cruelity
- Burned 2/3 of the city
  - So he could build it better

Comments