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10/8-10/12

Posted by 2Chloe on October 8, 2018 at 8:07am

Monday-

What Helped the Industrial Revolution to Take Off In US in the Late 1800’s?

Section 1:

  1. Tons of natural resources
    1. Coal
    2. Copper
    3. Timber
    4. Zinc
  2. Government helped business
    1. Laissez- Faire
  3. Cities were growing
    1. Farmers moved to city
    2. Job oppertunities
    3. African Americans
    4. Immigrants
  4. Immigrants provided cheap labor
    1. They needed a job TODAY
  5. Growing population provided markets for manufactured goods
    1. Many people
  6. Oil boom
    1. Fueled the industrial revolution
  7. Bessemer Process
    1. Cheap way to make steel
    2. English Scientist
  8. Various inventions
    1. light bulb- longer hours
    2. type writer- typing things instead of writing
    3. telephone- communication
  9. Railroads
    1.  Brought things to them
    2. Transportation
  10. Captains of industry-Vanderbilt, Rockefeller, Carnegie, Morgan
    1. Very well known 

Section 3:

  1. What are monopolies and why are they bad for consumers?
    1. When a company
    2. in a specific field tries to get rid of all their competition and control as close to 100% of the industry as possible.
    3. They can be good
    4. We concider them bad
    5. Can lead to high prices- lack of competition
    6. Can lead to poor products
    7. Less choice for consumer
    8. Can drive smaller business out of business- unemployment
  2. How did the government try to regulate business?
  3. What are labor unions and what is their purpose?
    1. A union of laborers banding together to get better wages/conditions
    2. Power in numbers
    3. Important because it gives a voice to workers 
  4. Were labor unions successful in achieving their goals? Explain

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)-

  • Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states
  • Broke up Standard Oil
  • Trust- A monopoly

Tuesday-

Industrial Revolution- More techniologically advance. Moving from agriculturaly based to industiraly based. 

  1. What did labor unions to get better wages/conditions?
    1. Strikes
    2. Sit-ins
    3. Violence
  2. Why did labor unions struggle to win strikes in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
    1. All power in hands of owner
    2. Would Fire workers and hire immigrants 
      1. Immigrants had it better in the US
    3. Would hire strikebreakers to take the place of workers
    4. Would impose lockouts
    5. Would blacklist workers
    6. Workers were called communists or socialists
    7. Everyone was against the labor unions/workers at first
      1. Owners, police, newspapers, government
  3. Labor Day-
    1. Established as a federal holiday by President Grover Cleveland in 1894
      1. After workers dies at the hands of US soilders
    2. Cleavland and Congress passed it unanimously

Chapter 7-

  1. Why did Immigrants come to the US?
    1. Better oppertunities
    2. Jobs
    3. Better life
    4. Famine
    5. Land shortage
    6. Religious or political persecution
    7. War
    8. In debt/trouble
    9. American Dream
      1. Farming (Homstead Act)
      2. Mining
      3. Working on the railroad
      4. Cattle Ranching
      5. Factory Work
    10. Reunite with Family
    11. "Streets paved with gold"
      1. Advertisments
  2. Immigration Today
    1. Immigration is goes to another country
    2. Illegal immigration is when you don't have legal paperwork
    3. Immigrants came to the US for many reasons
    4. US citizens get upset because they take jobs and keep wages low
    5. Politicians ignored illegal imigration for the votes
    6. Birthright Citizenship- born in the US 
    7. Anchor baby (negative)- coming to the US pregant and giving birth
  3. Nativism-
    1.  a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants
    2. In favor of WASP
  4. WASP
    1. People who came to the US first
    2. White
    3. Anglo
    4. Saxon
    5. Prodistent
  5. Where did immigrants come from?
  6. What problems did immigrants face on the trip over and once they got here?

  7. Why did some people want to put restriction on immigration? What were those restrictions?

Wednesday- (I was gone and Tyann let me copy her notes)

Continued to talk about/ go over Chapter 7 PowerPoint 

"Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses”

  • This quote comes from Emma Lazarus’ poem, “New Colossus”
  • She wrote the poem for a fundraiser auction to raise money for the pedestal which the Statue of Liberty now sits
  1. - Between 1870 and 1920, 20 million Europeans came to US
  2. Discuss “old immigrants” vs “new immigrants”
    1. Old (Came from northern or western Europe, were Protestant, were literate and skilled, came over as families, etc.)
    2. New (Came from southern or eastern Europe, were not Protestant--Were Cathilic, Orthodox, Jewish, where illiterate and unskilled, came over as birds of passage)
  1. Steps to America
    1. Step One-Leaving Home
      1. It was common for one person from a family to come to America first
      2. They would save to eventually bring others
      3. From 1900 to 1910, almost 95% of the immigrants arriving at Ellis Island were joining either family or friends 
      4. In 1901, between 40-65% came either on prepaid tickets or with money sent to them from the United States
    2. Step Two-On Board the Ship
      1. A ticket to America cost $30
      2. Three types of accommodations-first class, second class and steerage
      3. Only steerage passengers were processed at Ellis Island
      4. First and second class passengers were quickly “inspected” on board the ship
      5. Larger ships could hold from 1,500 to 2,000 immigrants, netting a profit of $45,000 to $60,000 for a single, one-way trip
    3. Step Three-Inspection
      1. Passengers were inspected for contagious diseases such as cholera, plague, smallpox, typhoid fever, yellow fever, scarlet fever, measles and diphtheria
      2. If immigrants had any of the diseases they would be deported
      3. Sick children age 12 or older were sent back to Europe alone
    4. Step Four-Beyond Ellis or Angel Island
      1. Angle Island=Ellis Island (But West Coast, Asian Countries, darker skinned people, not trusted, harsher, not as nice.
      2. As they left Ellis Island, the next stop was the Money Exchange
      3. Cashiers exchanged paper money, from countries all over Europe, for American dollars
      4. Then it was off to New York City or the railroad ticket office to go anywhere in the country that they wanted
  • For many immigrants, the experience of steerage was a nightmare
  • At one time, the average passenger mortality rate was 10 percent per voyage
  • Conditions were extremely overcrowded, dark, unsanitary and foul-smelling
  • In spite of the miserable conditions, the immigrants had faith in the future
  • Crossing the Atlantic could take anywhere from a week to more than a month, depending on the ship and weather
  • They would play cards, sing, dance and talk

Thursday-

  1. Why were immigrants disliked in the US in the late 1880'S to early 1900's?
    1. Took Jobs 
    2. Kept Wages low
    3. Different Culture
    4. Rasism
  2. Chinese Exculsion Act
    1. 1882
    2. Banned Chinese Immigration to US from 1882-1902
  3. Gentleman's Agreement-
    1. 1907
    2. Infomational Agreement between US and Japan
    3. Goal- to reduce tensions between US and Japan
    4. Japan agreed:
      1. to not issue passports to Japanses citizens wishing to work in continental US
    5. The US agreed to:
      1. Accept presence of Japanese immigarints already living in US
      2. Permit the immigration of wives, children, and parents
      3. End discrimination against Japanses-American children in California Schools

 

7.2 Key Questions

  1. Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
    1. Immigrants
    2. Famers moved to the cities
    3. African-Americans mvoed to the cities
    4. Cities offered more jobs and opportunities
    5. Cities offerend more entertainment
  2. What problems did cities face due to the rapid increase in popultion?
    1. Cramped, old dirty housing-tenements
    2. Lack of good transportation
    3. Lack of safe drinking water
    4. Disease was common
    5. Streets were filthy
    6. Crimes
    7. Fires
    8. Poverty due to low pay at work
  3. What did peole do to try to help the bad situations in the cities?

Jacob Riis

  1. "How the Other Half Lves"
  2. Immigrant- young age
  3. Because famous
  4. Photography
  5. Photos took 30mins

Problems: Cramp old Dirty Housing- Tenements

Solutions:  Steel frames, fire escapes, moves lower income dwellings to outskirts

Friday-

  1. Problem:
    1. Lack of Good Transportation                                     
  2. Solution: 
    1. Electric Streetcars- late 1800's - Early 1900's
    2. Automobiles
    3. Subways- New York (1904)
    4. Airplanes- Wright Brothers (1903)
  1. Problem:
    1. Lack of Safe Drinking Water
  2. Solutions:
    1. Early 1900's- Chlorine was added to water to eliminate diseases
  1. Problem:
    1. Disease was Common and Streets were Filthy
  2. Solutions:
    1. Horses were replaces (eliminating manure problem)
    2. Added chlorine to water
    3. Introduction of indoor plumbing
    4. Geroge A. Waring Jr. 
      1. New York City- 1895
      2. Organized modern recycling, street sweeping, and garbage collection
  1. Problem:
    1. Crime
  2. Solutions:
    1. Organized Police Force
      1. Police became full time employees of the city- not volunteers
      2. 1838- Boston established the first American police force
      3. 1800's- all major US cities had police forces in place
    2. 1911- Fingerprints first accepted by US courts as a reliable means of identification
  1. Problem
    1. Fires
  2. Solutions
    1. Better building codes
    2. Full time, paid firefighters
    3. 1853- Cincinnati became the first full-time, paid fire fighters in the US
  1. Problem:
    1. Poverty
  2. Solutions
    1. Labor Unions
      1. Miminmum wage laws
      2. Shorter hours
      3. Child labor laws
    2. Henry Ford's $5 days

Boss Tweed- Control the politcal machine in New York City

Politiacal Machine- Political Organization that controlled the city

 

 

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