ROME
- Punic Wars
- series of 3 wars
- rome vs Carthage
- 1st war wasa over control of Sicily
- 2nd war-when hannibal vecame general of Carthage and he wanted to avenge the first defeat. He attempted a neak attack through the alps to attack and capture Rome
- 3rd war-Scipio atttacked Cathage and Hannibal retreated and fought back at native vity
- Rome defeated Carthage in all 3 wars
- each war got harder for Romans to win
- Key players
- Hannibal=Carthage
- Scipio-rome
- Cincinnatus-rome
- Lasting effects
- showed civilizations that Rome was a dominate force
- by 70 bc rome had conqured a lot of land around the Mediterranean coast
- Roman Republic
- after war quick and rapid expansion began to hurt the empire
- land was going to large esate and the small farmers were not making money
- farmers moved to the city and it got really dirty and nasty
- one of the reasons leading to a civil war in Rome
- Julius Caesar
- because of his death civil war broke out in Rome
- Avengers to Caesar
- Octavius, Mark Antony, Lepidus avenged Caesar and became the 2nd triumvirate
- ocatvius forced lepidus to retire his power
- mark fell in love with cleopatra and followed her to egypt
- leacing octavius to be the sole leader of Rome
- Agustus
- given to Octavian meaning exalted one
- Pax Romana-Roman Peace
- Research
- Gladiator Games
- They fought in an ampitheatre
-One cannot gloss over the bloody cruelty of Roman gladiatorial games, but the student of Roman civilization cannot afford to dismiss these contests simply because they offend modern sensibility.
-To avoid smugness, we must admit that the modern appetite for viewing violence is probably just as strong as the ancient
-Exotic and fierce wild animals had to be imported to Rome from North Africa or the Near East. The usual method was to have bush beaters and men on horseback chase lions, panthers, leopards, and other large animals into an area surrounded by shields and nets, such as is depicted in this mosaic from North Africa
-Once hunting ceased to be a means of survival and became a sport, the killing of wild animals was viewed as a demonstration of man's mastery of nature.
-Up until the late first century BC gladiatorial combats were held in the Forum, the Circus Maximus, and at other sites. When the games were held in the Forum, temporary wooden stands were put up
-The first gladiatorial contest at Rome took place in 264 BC as part of aristocratic funerary ritual, a munus or funeral gift for the dead.-
· Most gladiator were not free
· Most were fought in The Coliseum
· Anyone who became a gladiator was automatically “infamis”, beneath the law and by definition not a respectable citizen.
· All gladiators swore a solemn oath, “I will endure to be burned, to be bound, to be beaten, and to be killed by the sword.”
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