Punic Wars
- Series of 3 wars
- Rome vs Carthage
- 1st war was over control of Sicily
- 2nd war when Hannibal became general of carthage and he wanted to avenge forst defeat
- 3rd war Scipio attacked Carthage and Hannibal retrested and fought back
- Rome defeated Carthage in all 3 wars
- Each war was harder for the Romans to win though
- War 1-2 Rome was was on the defensive, Aggressor in the last war
- Key players - Hannibal (C) Scipio (R) Cincinnatus (R)
Lasting Effects
- Showed the civilizations in the Mediterranean that Rome was a dominant fofce
- By 70 BC Rome had conqured a lot of land around the Mediterranean coast
Roman Republic
- Shorty after their victories in the Punic Wars the quick and rapid expansion began to hurt the empire
- The land was going to large estate and the small farmers werent makeing any money and were out of jobs
- One of the reasons leading to a civil war
Julius Caesar
- Debate information
- Another civil war broke out cause of his death
Avengers of Caesar
- Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus avengend Caesar and became the 2nd triumvirate
- Even jeaoulsy here, OCtavian forced lepidus to retire his power
- MArk antony fell in love with Cleopatra and follwed her to egypt <3
- Leaving OCatavian to be the sole leader
Augustus
- The term given to Octavian meaning exalted one
- Rome was at the peak of its power and at peace theoughout augustus rule and even to 180 AD
- Pax Romana - Roman Peace
Research: Gladiator Games:
-They fought in an ampitheatre
-One cannot gloss over the bloody cruelty of Roman gladiatorial games, but the student of Roman civilization cannot afford to dismiss these contests simply because they offend modern sensibility.
-To avoid smugness, we must admit that the modern appetite for viewing violence is probably just as strong as the ancient
-Exotic and fierce wild animals had to be imported to Rome from North Africa or the Near East. The usual method was to have bush beaters and men on horseback chase lions, panthers, leopards, and other large animals into an area surrounded by shields and nets, such as is depicted in this mosaic from North Africa
-Once hunting ceased to be a means of survival and became a sport, the killing of wild animals was viewed as a demonstration of man's mastery of nature.
-Up until the late first century BC gladiatorial combats were held in the Forum, the Circus Maximus, and at other sites. When the games were held in the Forum, temporary wooden stands were put up
-The first gladiatorial contest at Rome took place in 264 BC as part of aristocratic funerary ritual, a munus or funeral gift for the dead.-
· Most gladiator were not free
· Most were fought in The Coliseum
· Anyone who became a gladiator was automatically “infamis”, beneath the law and by definition not a respectable citizen.
· All gladiators swore a solemn oath, “I will endure to be burned, to be bound, to be beaten, and to be killed by the sword.”
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