Causes of WWI-
imperialism (underlying)
nationalism (underlying)
alliances (underlying)
militarism (underlying)
Land disputes
competition for money, land, & resources
Trust issues
Most important
assasination of Archduke Ferdinand (Archduke of Austria-Hungary)
Archduke Ferdinand-
cousin died-new king at age 11, wife and he killed by 19 year old of Bosnia group
Leaders of major countries involved/alliances-
Countries- France, britian, russia, italy, & U.S. (allied powers)
bad countries- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, & Bulgaria (Central Powers)
Big 4- main leaders of allies-- Woodrow Wilson (u.s), Tsar Nicholas II (Russia), Lloyd George (Great Britain), Emilio Orlando (Italy)-italy didnt do much, George Clemenceau (France)
Central Powers- (Germany) Kaiser Wilhelm II, (Turkey) Mustafa Kemal Pasha, (Austria-Hungary) Franz Josef I, (Bulgaria) Vasil Radoslavov,
Trenches-
for defense instead of offence- 100's of miles
dead bodies, no food or supplies, trapped in the rain and got "trench foot"
like mazes no just straight
shell shock, gas attacks, Trapped-no man's land(lands in between trenches, no one there)
Main weapons used and new weapons invented-
handguns, riffles (trenches) , machine guns (trenches and airplanes, new type of massive killing machine), shotguns-only U.S. and Britain, Grenades-egg shaped, anti-tank-type of gun used to fight against tanks. mortars-had explosives in them used to take out trenches fired for miles, sub machine gun-small hand held "machine gun", support- kinda like mortars, knifes-, flamethrowers-shot flames, cleared out machine guns. Trench Raiding- raiding trenches and killing everyone with whatever they could grab fastest. Gas-tear and mustard gas
Transportation methods (importance of planes, trains, vehicles…)-
planes -not very good-used for scouting/surveying- Manfred Von Richthofen-famous plane fligher! (Germany and the Micheal Jordan of bombing in WW1)
created fighters and bombers.
ships-u-boats,
tanks-very expiremental, sent them into battle to test them. 1st tank was British Mark 1. Russian Tzar
had to wear masks because no where for the exast to go.
1st modern tank-French Renault FT, can turn 360 degrees, weapons mounted on it.
U.S. - Steam Tank-flame throwers, 10 miles an hour,
How US got involved-
Battles-
100 days offensive- august-last big push that helped end the war
Home front-what people were doing at home
Liberty Loans-Cover the cost of war, fight or buy, basically people giving money to the government and you would get it back with interest.
Going into war- preparedness movement-push to get military and navy for war. Germany attacking got us into the war, 3 days Navy
Farming and food- victory garneds-reduce puplic food supply presure, keep prices low
Poor harvest created by U.S. food admin.:
Wheat-less wed
Meatless Tuesday
Fuel-less Mondays
gas-less Sundays
WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD- big on helping out economy, Regulated industries in U.S., encourages mass production, industrial production rose 20% during war
Food Admin.- conserving food, headed by Herbert Hoover
war increased employment wages and prices-inflation, after war we became greatest power in U.S.
Women- they took over by working in factories and stuff, volunteered for country's troops, (American Red Cross),
Kids-fathers were absent so that was hard, Boy Scouts used to get loans (more willing to give if from a child),
African Americans- not allowed as much in war
October Revolution-
litvosk treaty-got them out of war, lost a lot to the Germans, lost the areas of Poland Lithuanian, Finland, Eu crane, had to pay 6 billion German money
Wilson’s 14 Points-
Document Wilson made to try to end the war, basically what he wanted the treaty to be
1. no more secret agreements, meetings in between countries.
2. free navigation of all seas, seas are free
3. an end to economic barriers between countries, free trade for all countries
4. all countries reduce military size
5. end imperialism, leave colonies alone, let them be independent
6. German soldiers removed from Russia, Russia can set up their own gov't
7. Belgium should be independent after the war.
8. France should be left alone to recover from war.
9. Italy can receive territory from Austria-Hungary
10. Austria-Hungary can have their own gov't and choices
11. Independents for the Balkan states, and Serbia can access Adriatic sea
12.independence and choice of government for Turkish people
13. Poland independence- also access to the sea
14. League of nations should be set up to gaurente the political and territorial independence of all countries
lenin
Joseph Stallon-worst dictator, killed more people than Hitler (40 mil) from Russia
Armistice-agreement to stop fighting, not to end a war
Germany crumbling- turkey and Austria signed armistice, Germany surrenders on Nov. 11, 1918, between Allies and Germany
this day became armistice's day but not it it called veteran's day.
Outcome of world war one-
Germany forced to surrender after being blockaded, signed the treaty of Versailles, League of Nations formed, ended 11-11 at 11 am, 15 mil killed, 20 mil wounded, 117,000 U.S. casualties
KNOW THE SEVEN KNEW COUNTRIES
1. Czechoslovakia
2. finland
3. Latvia
4. Lithuania
5. Yugoslavia
6. Poland
7. Estonia
Treaty of Versailles-
on June 28th, 1919 in the Versailles Palace
it took six months of negotiating after official end of the war
B.R.A.T.
Blame-Germany took blame for starting the war, they had to pay for everything
Repair-Germany had to pay 33 billion dollars for war repair
Army-Army had to be under 100,000 men and Navy greatly reduced.
Territory- Germany lost land, all colonies given to Britain France, Japan, land given to Belgium, Denmark, Czechoslovakia and Poland
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