today is presentation day
Original called "The Great War". Nicknamed "The War to End all Wars". 1914-1918.
Causes of the war- Militarism-Building up Military, Alliances- Building up armed forces and getting ready for war with another country, Imperialism Building up an empire, Nationalism-Having pride in your country, Assassination- assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and wife.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassination- Was born into a rich family and was the prince Austria. On June 1914 he and his wife were traveling and were both shot. Shot by Gavrilo Princip. The Black Hand was a secret organization that wanted Archduke Ferdinand dead. Gavrilo Princip was apart of this organization. This group wanted more land.
Declarations of war- Central powers ( Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey), Allies (France, Italy, Russia, Great Britain commonwealth countries, later US) Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, Germany declares war on Russia, Germany declares war on France. Britain Declares war on Germany Austria Declares war on Germany. Austria declares war on Russia. Japan Declares war on Germany. Us declares war on Germany and Austria Hungary.
War Plans- Schlieffen Plan (Germans)- Go through Belgium and surprise France and wipe them out quickly, Frances plan 17-Take back Alsace Lorraine invade Alsace Lorraine through the south then head north, Austria Hungary: Plans B and R stands for Balkans make 6 armies three invade Serbia three guard Russian boarder R send 4 armies to Russia and 2 to Serbia, Russia G, A and 19 plan g was Russia let them invade Russia then attack them when they run out of resources Plan a and 19 just invade Germany Great Britain didn't want war so they didn't have a plan but decided to help Belgium because they stuck up to Germany.
- Austro-German-Bulgarian Invasion of Serbia- First battle of war. Started by Assassination of Franz. Sent ten demands to Serbia. Serbia didn't accept them all. Serbian went from 420,000 to 100,000 troops by the end of the war. Poisoned wells in Serbia so they couldn't come back and live there.
America Questions Neutrality- Didn't see any point in joining. Immigrants called for war.
Sinking of the Lusitania- Germany was using submarines as a major part of their warfare. Worked extremely well because at the beginning they had no technology to spot them. Lusitania was ocean liner that transported people and goods. Germany declared unrestricted war which meant anything British they would attack. Killed 1,198 people. Killed 128 Americans. Britain citizens wanted war US wanted to stay neutral. Germany counted this as a success. Considered to be the biggest reason why we joined the war.
Causes of US joining war- Britain was our best trading partner. Germany started sinking our ships.Zimmerman note Germany wanted Mexico to attack us. Nye Committee looked into reasons why US joined ww1. They said big business's pushed us into the war wanted to make more money. British and American propaganda pushed us into it.
- Trench Warfare- Mostly in northern France. Dug them while Germans where attack Belgium. Trenches was a defensive strategy. Lead to huge causalities in no mans land.
- US Mobilizing for the War- Mobilized the army during 1917, Ships dropped off troops into France ships would go to support navys. Mobilization is training troops, moving troops, and supplying forces. Preparedness movement called for more troops.
Propaganda-
- Weapons- Better Rifles. Machine guns needed 4 to 6 men to work them and needed to be on a flat surface. Blimps were used in German bombing raids. Tanks could travel at 3 mph and were manned by a 3 man team. Planes. Torpedoes used by submarines mostly from Germany. Flame throwers. Grenades and rifle grenades.
- Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary, ignores treaty agreements. Major battles before US-
Major Battles-
Gas Usage- Only killed 4% of soldiers in ww1. Different from most weapons because you couldn't see it. Very lethal cause you just breathe it in and die. Shoot them from artillery shells.
October Revolution- Russia Leaves WWI- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- Ended Russian Participation. Signed March 3rd, 1918 by Russian and Central Powers. Russia lost- Baltic States- Germany, Ukrainian Independence, 6 billion German gold mark in reparations. Established Soviet Russia, led by Bolsheviks
Causes- social, economic, and political crisis. Industrial production down, mass enterprise shutdown, peasant uprisings against landowners.
Led to Russian Civil War (1917-1922)
Homefront-Zach/Jake
Homefront- things people do back home to help win the war
Food Rations- due to German U-boats (mostly GB)
Women in factories- taking on the roles of men
Propaganda posters
Civilians are targeted the first time in war by german bombing runs and air raids
African Americans were able to get jobs and serve a part of ht ewar by working in factories and enlisting
DORA (defense of realm act)
The country went under the dora act ot ensure that the country wouldn’t suffer from food and fuel shortages
Victory Gardens and War Bonds
Sedition Act- imprisoned anyone who used abusive language when talking about US govt. Repealed in 1920.
War Industries Board- regulated industry in US during WWI (encourages mass production)
Food Administration- urged people to conserve food
Committee on Public Information- (made propaganda) goal was to influence US public opinion to support WWI in their own way
National War Labor Board- settles disputes between workers, discouraged strikes, "work or fight".
November 1918- Germany signs armistice-Caleb
German Revolution- night of oct 29-30 1918. By Nov 9 germany proclaimed new republic.
Armistice signed- nov 11, 1918 took effect at 11 am Paris time, known as the Armistice of Compiegn because it was signed their. It was signed in a train car, it required complete demilitarization, withdrawal of German troops to behind Germany's borders, exchange of prisoners. Changed to veterans day after WWII
President Wilson’s 14 points speech/four principles-Cade
1.) public meetings rather than secret agreements 2.) freedom of the seas 3.) free trade 4.) reduce the military forces and weapons 5.) readjust the colonies fairly 6.) the allowance of Russia to self-demonstrate its own government 7.) respect for Belgium's integrity 8.) restoration of French territory 9.) Italy receives territory based upon ethnicity 10.) Austria-Hungary receives fair development opportunities (let them decide their future) 11.) independence for the Balkan states 12.) self-determination for the peoples of the Ottoman Empire and free passage through the Dardanelles (let countries decide their government) 13.) independence for Poland 14.) the formation of a League of Nations to guarantee independence for all countries, big and small self determination
reaction-Not enough punishment for Germany, influenced armistice, Wilson won nobel peace prize in 1920
conclusion (treaty)- german military limitations, concerns of peace, treaty of versailles had more punishment than the 14 points.
End of war/Treaty of Versailles-Nick H.
treaty that officially ended WWI (1919), Versailles is by Paris. (Series of Treaties) Italy, GB, France, US were there.
Territorial-land germany lost-
Alsace-Lorraine given back to France
Belgium
Denmark
Poland
Czechoslovakia
League of nation took control of Germany's overseas colonies
Military- Army was reduced to 100,000 men, they couldn't have an air force, no subs, only 6 capital naval ships
Financial- had to pay 33 billion dollars.
War guilt clause made Germany take the blame for world war one
William Harding wanted to return to normalcy instead of democratic candidate who wanted to join league of nations
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