10/3/12

[4thJoey]

• Roman Geo:
  Rome was built on 7 rolling hill around the Tiber River, near the center of the Italian penisiula 
• First Romans:
  1,000 to 500 B.C., 3 groups inhabited the region and fought for control of it. 
  They were the Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans.
• Greek influence:
  between 750B.C. and 600 B.C. the Greeks established coloines along the southern part of Italy and Sicily.
  The Cities became very prosperous and commercially active.
• Estrucans:
  native to northern Italy 
  were skilled metal workers and engineers 
  very influential in the development of Roman civilization
  Romans adopted their alphabet
  Also adopted the arc
• Republic- form of government in which the power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders.
  In Rome, citizenship with voting right was granted only to free born adult male landowners.
• Patricians- wealthy landowners who held most of the power. Inherited power.
• Plebeians- The common person, but could still vote Usually farmers and merchants.
• Tribunes- In Time, leaders of Rome, allowed the Plebians to form their own assembly and elect their own representative to protected their rights from the Patrician officials
  Government barred the Plebeians from holding high offices in the government 
• Executive Branch:
  2 consuls vs one president
  1 year term vs 4 year term
• Legislative
  Senate:
  High socail and economic status
  Serve for life
  Advises consuls
  Centuriate Assembly:
  Soldiers only 
  Chose consuls
  Served for life
  Tribal assembly:
  Ordinary citizens
  Serve for life
  Makes laws
• Judicial:
  8 judges
  1 year by the Centuriate Assembly
  2 oversee civil and criminal courts
• Twelve Tables- List of rules that was the Supreme law of the land in Rome (their constitution)
• Army:
  Like their government, Romans also took great pride in their military as well
  All men who owned land were required to serve in the army
  Some of the high public office positions required 10 years of military service 
• Legions- Roman soldiers were organized into large military units
  Legions were made up of 5,000 foot soldiers
  Group of cavalry would support each legion
  Military organization and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in Rome's rise to greatness
• Expansion: 
  By 4th century B.C., the Romans dominated central Italy
  They had defeated the Etruscans to the north and the Greek city states to the south
• Treatment:
  Latins on the Tiber became full citizens
  In territory farther from Rome, the conquered people were citizens as well but did not have voting power
  The remaining people became "allies" of Rome
  
• Research:
  Punic Wars and Hannibal
  Discuss who fought in the War, Key Players, Who won, and lasting effects of the Wars: how it affected Romans and Carthage
  
  
  Who won: Nobody won the first Punic war but the Romans won the second  and third Punic War.
  Key Players: Hannibal- leader of  Carthage. Scipio Africanus the Younger- Lead Rome in its final battle against Carthage. Scipio Africanus the Elder was their leader for the 1st and 2nd  Punic Wars
  
  The Punic Wars: 
  • It was fought between the Ancient Carthage and Roman Republic.
  Lasting effects:
  
  • increases in salvary
  • extensive reforms to its military and political systems
  • eased from being isolationist and shifted to expansionist