Hinduism
Ethics
- Disapproced of violence, killing, and revenge
- non-violent
- Were allowed to use war
- Could not poison tip of arrow, attack the sick, attack women or children, and could not attack someon from behind
- vegetarians
- Believed in ahisma, could not kill living things
- Cattle were scarce
Beliefs
- Allowed the freedom to believe and worship
- Believe the world is bsically one big family
- Accepts all beliefs but is against distinct forms of religion
- Hindu Beliefs- Dharma- ethics, samsara- life, death, and rebirth, Karma- action then a reaction, Yoga, Moksha- let go of sould to end suffering
Festivals
- Many festivals
- Hindu calender set their dates
Bolded Terms
- Brahma- First God in the Hindu triumvirate, God of creation
- Vishnu- Supreme God, preserver of the universe
- Shiva- Destroyer in the triumvirate
History
- Oldest and most complex
- No specific founder
- Hinduism comes for the word Indus
- Has branched out and now has a lot of different religious beliefs and organizations
- Foundation of Transcendental Medittion and Buddhism
Indian Trade
Common Trade Items
- Black Pepper
- Cinnamon
- Cloves
- Spics
- They were valued highly as gold and silver today
Trade
- One of the largest diamond cutting and polishing countries
- Trading was between Chinese, Central Asia, India, and Eastern Europe
- Famous for spices, fabrics, stones, dyes, and ivory
Silk Roads
- Interlinking trade route across Afro-Eurasian that connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Meditterranean
- 4000 miles
Caravans
- Group of people carrying goods to trade with people far away
- Included 4000 camels
- Traveled to spice markets in Babylon, Carthage, Alexandria, and Rome
- Used ships that sailed across the Indian Coast
Trade Facts
- Foreign trade was in the hands of both local and foreign merchants
- India divided into small regional political units
- For two periods during the classical era, India was unified by imperial powers
Military
Military Dynasties
- Nanda Dynasty- 800000 calvary, 6,000 war elephants, 200,000 infantry, 8,000 armed chariots
- Maurya Dynasty- 30,000 cavalry, 600,000 infantry, 9,000 war elephants,
- Shishunaga Dynasty- invented a catapult on an armed chariot and a chariot with a swinging mace
- Satavahana Dynasty- used elephants, chariots, and infantry for around 400 years
Empires
- Gupta Empire- relied heavily on war elephants, infantry, archers, and rarely used horses
- Kushan Empire- fought on horseback and used a lot of war elephants and infantry.
Weapons
- The bamboo longbow- Long piece of bamboo, didnt warp as much composite bows of other culture
- War elephants- used to charge, break enemy lines, caused terror
Tactics
- Krancha Vyuha- Crane-shaped formation of an army, forces are distributed to form spaning sides. Wedge like
- Vyuha- A winding, ever-rotating circular formatio; considered impenetrable
Advancements in math, astronomy, medicine, literature, and arts
Math
- India invented addition subtraction etc.
- Invented the decimal system
- Used pythagorean Theorem
- Infulenced the Development of mathematics
Astronomy
- Aryabhata- Famous Indian astronomor
- Considered the father of astronmy
- wrote how the earth's shadow affected the phases of the moon
- Had 2 books based on Diurnal motion
Medicine
- Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine and treatmeants
- Emphasized using plant-based medicines and treatments
Literature
- Alphabetic writing called sanskrite
Han Emperors in China
Early China
- Qin Dynasty were very harsh on taxes, labor quotas, and strict punishments
- People of the Qin Dynasty reblled and a war of rival kings started throughout China
- Two powerful people emerged: Xiang Yu and Liu Bang
Han Dynasty
- These two ended up hating each other and fought in battle- Liu Bang won and declared himself emperor of the Han DYnasty
- Hand Dynasty ruled China for more than 400 years
- People today still refer to themselves as a "people of the Han"
Bang's steps to unified China
- First goal was to destroy the rival kings' power
- He was going to do this by establishing centralized government- This is where the central authority controls the running of the state
- He also lowered taxes and softenened the harsh legal punishments of the people
Empress Lu
- When Bang died, his son became emperor, but not really
- The real ruler was the son's mother. One of Bang's wives.
- When Lu died, the people that supported Bang were upset, and the executed the people that Lu had put into power
Wudi
- After 30-40 years of turmoil and poor leadership, Bang's great-grandson took control of the Hans and his name was Wudi
- He is known throughout history as the "Martial Emperor" because of his idea of exapnding China was through war
- The first set of people that he had to deal with were the Xiongnu.
Xiongnu
- Fierce nomads known for their deadly archery from horseback
- Usually attacked China's farms and would take people hostage and steal goods
- Early Han Emperors would try to send them gifts to stop but they usually wouldn't quit
- Wudi had other ideas and sent 10,000 men to fight them
Pyramid
- Top tier- Emperor
- 2nd tier- King, Governor
- 3rd tier- State officials, nobles, and scholars
- 4th tier- peasants
- 5th tier- artisans, merchants
- 6th tier- soldiers
- 7th tier- slaves
Han technology
- Advancements included paper. Paper was invented in 105 A.D. Before this books were writted in silk
- Silk is very expensive compared to paper
- So this allowed for many more people to get an education
Research
- The Great Wall of China
- When was it built? Which dynasty built it? Why was it bulit? Was it effective? Interesting facts
Comments