10.23.13-11.21.13 (WW1 project)

We discussed the Semester Test (r) today
You can CTRL+C - CTRL+V daily blogs to make the SemTest (r) blog.

Mr. Bruns experienced a glitchy website.

Special Days
- Thursday was a workday, no school Friday.
- M/T are workdays.
- Sub video Thurs.
- Sub video Mon.
- No school 11-14 and 11-15
- Test 11-20 to 11-21

http://qx19.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/europe-map-before-after-wwi-08-021.jpg

Main causes of the war

Militarism
- Building up military to prepare for war
Alliances
- Work with other countries to improve your military
Imperialism
- Building an empire
Nationalism
- Basically the stereotypical patriot.
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
- Born in Graz.
- Was rich.
- Prince of Austria.
- Marriage was secretive because his wife, Sophia, was not royalty.
- June 1914
- Were shot while visiting the Sarajevo, Bosnia by Gavrilo Princip.
  - Wanted to break off Austria-Hungary into Greater Serbia.
- Black Hand
  - Secret military group consisting of members of the Serbian army
  - Gavrilo Princip was a member.
Central powers
- Triple Alliance
  - Germany
  - Austria-Hungary
  - Italy (switched over to the US side due to distrust of Austria-Hungary)
- Bulgaria
- Turkey
Allies
- Triple Entente
  - France
  - Britain
  - Italy
- Most other commonwealths
Declarations of war
- Austria-Hungary --> Serbia
  - Jul 28, 1914
  - Caused by Ferdinand's assassination
- Germany --> Russia
  - Aug 1st 1914
  - Caused by Russia's ties to Serbia.
- Germany --> France
  - Aug 3 1914
- Britain --> Germany
  - Aug 4 1914
  - Belgium was allied to Britain, and German troops stayed in Belgium.
- Austria --> Russia
  - Aug 6 1914
  - Russia was allied with Serbia
- Japan --> Germany
  - Aug 23 1914
  - Caused by Japan's alliance with Britain.
- US --> Germany/Austria-Hungary
  - April 6/7 1917
  - US decided to get into war because of Alliances.
War plans
- Schlieffen Plan
  - Germany
  - Count Alfred von Schlieffen
  - Used on France, but failed
  - Surprise France, then focus on Russia
- 17 plan
  - France
  - Get back Alsace Lorraine in Germany
  - Didn't work well
- Plans B & R
  - Austria-Hungary
  - B
    - Balkans
    - 6 groups of troops on field
    - 3 to invade Serbia
    - 3 more on Russian Border
  - R
    - 4 went to Russia and 2 to Serbia
- Plans G/A/19
  - Russia
    - G - Let Germany invade Russia, and attack them after they get in a ways. Used in WWII
    - 19 - invade Germany
- G.B.
  - Great Britain
    - No plan
    - Help Belgium
    - Similar to the USA
Austro-German-Bulgarian Invasion of Serbia
- discussed by me
Trench warfare
- | | NO MAN'S LAND | |
- That's some ASCII art.
- Most trenches were dug by the French.
Lusitania
- Submarines attacked the Lusitania
- No sub detection at the time.
- U-Boat
  - Undersea Boat (submarine)
- Lusitania
  - Dark grey to avoid attacks.
  - Any boat was a target to the Germans - the war was unrestricted.
  - 1198 casualties
  - 761 survivors
  - 128/139 Americans on board died.
- The German leader at the time was considered a war criminal.
- Britain wanted war, US was neutral.
- Germany believed the Lusitania was smuggling "war contraband".
Start of the war
- Wilson decided to be neutral.
- G.B. was our best trading partner.
- Lusitania
  - see above.
- Zimmermann note
  - If the Nazis win, Mexico gets part of the US.
  - We didn't like Mexico during that time period.
  - UK got a note from Arthur Zimmermann
- Nye committee
US Neutrality
- "impartial in thought as well as action"
Mobilization
- Dreadnaughts were the best ship
  - 5 added to US navy
- We used dreadnaughts to send troops to France
- 300k in France when we started fighting
- Preparedness movement
  - Teddy & Leonard Wood
  - Train our army and navy better
Propaganda
- Sway people's opinions
- Make people dislike certain countries
- Get people to do what their countries want.
- Appeal to emotions
- Homefront
- Red Cross
- Patriotism
- Music
Central Powers
- lied
- posters weren't brief enough
USA
- SIMPLE
Weapons
- Rifles
  - 15RPM
  - long-distance
- Machine Guns
  - 4-6 men on it at a time
  - power of 100 guns
- Zepplins
  - bomber blimps used by Germany
- Tanks
  - first was little willy - battle of somme
- Planes
  - Mainly used for recon and delivery
- Torpedo
  - Used by Germany
- Flamethrowers
  - powerful
  - used by Germany
  - anti-Tank/trench
- grenades
  - rifle and hand were used
- Artilerry
  - make noise so the troops can't sleep
- Gas killed 4% of WWI troops
  - you couldn't see it
  - Hitler did not use it
- Tear gas
  - induces tears
- Mustard gas
  - wetness - stayed in soils
- Phosgene
  - skin irritant
- Chlorine
  - causes choking.
Major battles before US
- Somme
  - British lost 420k
  - France lost 200k
  - Germanys lost 500k
  - Petain was a hero in this battle
- Ypres
  - 1500 deaths/600 POWs for Germans
- Christmas treaty
  - No fighting from 12:01 Christmas Morning to 12:01 Dec. 26th.
  - song
Major battles with US
- Third battle of Ypres
  - jul 31st - nov. 6th, 1918
  - Race to the Sea
  - Allied Victory
- Caporetto
  - Oct. 24th - Nov. 12th, 1917
  - Worst defeat in WWI
    - Italian Army halved
    - Italy was forced to change government
    - 100 days offensive
    - Aug. 8 - Nov. 11th 1918
    - 1855369 casualties
    - restarting bullets because of formatting issues

LINE BREAK

Meuse-Argonne offensive
- Sep. 26-Nov.11,1918
- Argonne Forest
  - Allied victory
Bolshevik Revolution
- Bolsheviks were communists
- Russia leaves WWII
  - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
    - Ended Russia's participation in the war
    - March 3rd, 1918
    - Russia lost
      - Baltic States - Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia
      - Ukrainian Independence - Ukraine becomes independence
      - 6bil German Gold Mark
    - Central powers had to agree.
- Red October/October Uprising
  - Led to Russian civil war (1917-1922)
  - Lenin/Bogdanov
  - Established Soviet Russia
  - Armed insurgency in Petrograv
- WWI made the economy worse
  - Industrial productions went down
  - Uprising against landowners
- Homefront
  - My topic
- War industries board
  - headed by Bernard Baruch
  - regulated industry in wwi
  - increased production 20%
- - Food Administration
    - Hoover
    - conserve foods and food
- Committee of Public Information
  - Influence citizens in WWI
  - Americanized words
    - German measles --> liberty measles
    - Hamburger --> liberty steak
    - sauerkraut --> liberty cabbage
- German Revolution
  - Known as Sailor's Revolt
  - Oct 29-30, 1918
  - Germany new republic - Nov. 9th
  - Armistise of Compienge
    - 11th hour/11th day/11th month
    - Hitler force France to surrender in Compienge in WWII, because of revenge
    - Required Germany to stop with the war.
    - Did not officially end the war, but ended the fighting.
    - Veteran's Day
Wilson's 14 points
- Reliance on open democracy instead of secret agreements.
- Freedom of the seas
- Free trade between countries
- Reduce military forces/weapons
- Readjust colonies fairly
- Russia self-determines own government
- Belgium stays independent
- Restore French territory
- Italy gets territory based on ethnicity
- Austria-Hungary gets development options
- Balkan states gets independence (Serbia and such)
- Self-determination for the Ottomans and free passage through Dardanelles (let Ottomans do stuff if they want as long as they keep free trade)
- Polish independence
- League of Nations - pretty much the UN
- Reactions from other countries
  - Germany liked the points and made the Armistice based on them.
  - many countries disliked the points
    - not enough punishment
    - skeptical about league of nations
- Treaty of Versailles was preferred
  - punish Germany, end WWI
  - Versailles Palace
  - PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
    - 1919
    - MAKE THE TREATY
    - 'Murica
    - Italy
    - UK
    - France
  - Series of treaties for different areas of Europe
  - Rhineland
    - No military allowed.
  - Germany
    - depression
    - no uniting with Austria
  - League of Nations
    - Wilson went on a tour around the US to get support to join the League of a Nations
    - People were afraid that the US would have to be involved in many wars in Europe.
- A Return to Normalcy
  - Harding's platform
  - Go back to isolationism

Bruns discussed Trench Warfare.

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10.23.13-11.21.13 (WW1 project)

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