Notes over group power points:
Hinduism:
- from India
- a diverse body of religion, philosophy, and cultural practice
- believed in reincarnation and being of many forms and natures
-Brahma was the Hindu creator god
*senior member of the triad of great gods
*he felt alone and separated from the world
*split himself and created the god Shatapura
-Vishnu was the Hindu preserver god
*God of preservation and protection of creation
*often represented resting on the coiled serpent Shesha
*never sleeps
*when the forces of good and evil are not balanced, he comes down to earth to make them balanced
- Shiva is the destroyer god
*Shiva is the destroyer of the world
*often seen with a third eye, cobra necklace, vibhuti, and a trident. Sometimes represented as half man and half woman
*Is known to have a wild passion, which causes extreme behavior and his relationship with his wife. Paryati brings him balance.
Buddhism:
- More of way of life then religion
-Stupas: Mound-like structure
- usually the ashes of the deceased
- used by buddhists as a place of meditation
- five types of stupas:
*Relic:Remains of Buddhist leaders.
*Object: Objects that belonged to Buddhist leaders.
*Commemorative:Commemorative events in life of Buddha and his disciples
*Symbolic: aspects of Buddhist theology
*Votive: constructed to commemorate visits or to gain spiritual benefits.
-Theravada:
*is the oldest surviving Buddhist branch
*the more conservative of the two major traditions of Buddhism
*it is practice mainly in Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos
- Buddism
*Historians estimate that the founder of Buddhism is Siddhartha Gautama commonly known as Buddha
*it's a religion home to the Indian subcontinent that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings where the people worshiped Buddha
*Buddha is recognized as being an awakening and enlightening teacher
*Though of more as a way of life than religion
*Practice meditation
*The four Noble Truths: the truth of suffering, the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering
*Believe in karma, which in turns determines reincarnation
*There are six planes in which they can be reborn. Into the Three fortunate realms and three unfortunate realms
*Three fortunate realms:
+demigods
+gods
+men
*Three unfortunate realms:
+animals
+ghosts and hell
+suffering of man
Buddhist Art:
Stupas -
- originated from India
- developed from Hindu art
- flourished and influenced
- Work
*wood,brick, thatch, and bamboo
*stone railings, gateways, sculptures, and stupas
Hinduism Art:
- Dharm, Okama, Artha, Moksha
- costume decorations
- jewlerly making
- magic and illustions
- sowing
- cooking
Advancements, medicine,surgery....
-Medicine
*Ayurveda is the ancient science of medicine that originated to India
*Used the practice of herbal medicine
*Believed the body has 3 types of energy
+Vata
+Pitta
+Kapha
-Surgery
*Surgery was introduced as a common practice
*Sushruta came up with 120 surgical instruments, 300 procedures, and 8 surgery classifications
*He also created plastic surgery first called forehead flap rhinoplasty
-Literature
*Greatest time for poetry and drams
*Well know writer of this time was Kalidasa who was an Indian dramatist and poet
*Kalidasa was a classical Sanskrit writer
*Sanskrit is classical language in India
*Sruti
+Listened to or heard
*Smriti
+Remembered or memorized
-Math
*The decimal number system still used today was first developed in India
*Made early contributions to the study of the concept of zero as a number, negative numbers, arithmetic, and algebra
*Trig
+Sine and Cosine
*Early simplified versions of Calculus
+2 centuries before the official invention
*Works consisted of different sections
*Sutras- set of rules or problems in verse to help the student memorize them
*Prose commentary- composed by several scholars that described the problem in detail
*Everything was orally told until 599 BC
-Astronomy
*
- Arts
*for kings entertainment
*went to the theaters
- Indian Trade
*silk
*wines
*weapons
*metal works
*horses
*spices
*cloth
*gold
*and more
- Silk Roads (bold term)
*not actual roads
*route that led from China to Rome
*4000 miles trip
*Rome - gold silver gems
*China - silk spices ivory
- was very difficult to travel
- Romans loved silk but didnt know who made it
- tried to find out who made it by asking who had it but they didn't know they just traded for it
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