Hinduism
- Ethics
- hindus disapproved of ciolence, killing, and revenge
- believe of non violence is called Ahimsa
- they were allowed to use violence in self defense, such as war
- conduct of war: they could not poison tips of arrows, attack the sick, women, or children, and could not attack someone from behind.
- vegetarians
- believed in ahimsa, didn't believe in killing other things
- cattle were sacred
- in india, killing cattle was banned
- jobs related to butchery were prohibited to those in the lower class
- Beliefs
- allows freedom to believe and worship
- they believe the world is basically one big family
- hinduism accepts all beliefs but is against distinct forms of religion
- hindu beliefs:
- dharma-ethics
- samsara-life, death, and rebirth
- karma-action and then reaction
- yoga
- festivals
- hindu calendars set dates
- pongal
- shigmo
- Bihu
- Onam
- Holi
- Bolded terms
- Brahma
- first god in the hindu triumbirate
- god of creation
- Vishnu
- supreme god
- preserver of the universe
- Shiva
- was the destroyer or transformer among the triumvirate
- all were responsible for creation, upkeep and destruction of the world
- Brahma
- history of hinduism
- oldest and most complex
- has no specific founder or theology so its har to provide history
- the word comes fromthe word indus
- name of the indus river that existed
- was influenced when aryan indo-european tribes invaded northern india and attacked the harappan people who lived there in 1500
- hinduism has branched out and now has a lot of different religious beliefs and organizations
- foundation of transcendental meditation and buddhism
Indian Trade
- common trade items
- black pepper
- cinnamon
- cloves
- spices
- they were valued as highly and gold and silver are today
- trade
- india is one of the worlds largest diamond cutting and polishing country
- trading was between the chinese, central asia, india, and eastern europe
- india was famous for tits fabrics, spices and semi precious stones, dyes, and ivory
- silk roads
- an interlinking trade route across afro-eurasian that connected east, south, and western asia with the mediterranean
- extended 4000 miles
- this sild roads get their name fro the chinese silk trade
- caravans
- a group of people carrying goods to trade with people far away
- included about 4000 camels
- travelds throught the spice markets in babylon, carthage, alexandria, and rome
- also used ships that sailed along the indian coast
- facts
- foreign trade was in the hands of both locaal and foreign merchants
- india divided into small regional political units
- for two periods during the classical era, india was unified by imperial powers
- during the classical period india became a crossroads in a vast trade network that stretched from the pacific to the mediterranean sea
- during a time period called lineage to state they shifted their livelihood from nomad pastoralism to argriculture and trade
military
- dynasties
- nanda dynasty-8000 cavalry, 6000 war elephants, 200000 infantry, 8000 armed chariots
- Maurya dynasty
- shishunaga dynasty-invented a catapult on an armed chariot and a chariot with a swinging mace
- satavahana dynasty-was around for 400 years
- empires
- gupta empire-relied heavily on war elephants, infantry, archers, and they rarely used horses
- kushan empire-fought a lot on horseback and used war elephants and infantry. many elephants were recieved from the greeks
- weapons
- the bamboo longbow-made of a long piece of bamboo, didn't warp as much composite bows of other cultures, used by sheva, fired metal tipped bamboo arrows. they were protected by light infantrymen
- the war elephant, were used to charge break enemy lines, and cause terror in the opponent
- catapult-capable of hurling larges stones at the enemy
- tactics
- the indians had various tactics that they would use in battle, each for a specific purpose
- Krauncha Vyuha-the crane shaped formation of an army, forces are distributed to form a spanning wing sides, with a formidable penetrating center depicting the cranes head and beak
- Vyuha-a winding, ever rotating circular formation, considered impenatrable during the mahabharata age
- the indians had various tactics that they would use in battle, each for a specific purpose
Buddhism
- what is it
- religion in the indian subcontinent
- has a variety of beliefs, traditions, and practices based on buddha
- two major branches-Theravada and Mahayana
- Theravada
- oldes surviving buddhist branch
- means the ancient teaching
- theravadians believe every individual is responsible for their own self awakening and liberation
- numbers are over 150 million people worldwide and the religion is spreading
- Stupas
- a dome shaped structure erected as a buddhist shrine
- there are five types of stupas
- relic-remains of buddha and desciples
- object-belonged to buddha and disciples
- commemorative-events in the lives of buddha and disciples
- symbolic-sybolizes aspects of buddhist theology
- votive-for visits and spiritual events
- Brahma
- in buddhism it is the name for a type of exalted passionless deity
- the name brahma originates in the Vedic tradition
- there is no identity between the buddhist brahmas and the hindu brahmas
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