Climate of Greece
- What does Greece's average temperature's tell you about how they might have lived?
- Mediterranean climate- mild and rainy winters and relatively warm and dry summers
Minoans and Mycenaeans
Minoans
- 2000-1500 BC
- Heavily influenced by the Egyptian and Mesopotatmian civilizations
- Named after legendary Crete King Minos of Greak mythology
- Known for its trade on the seas
- Due to its isolation on the island of Crete, generally peaceful
- The earliest civilization
- Known for it's advanced cities- Knossus
- Not overcrowded, plumbing, toilets, and sewers
- Known for women having much higher status than in earlier civilizations
- Known for their art and pottery
Downfall of the Minoans
- Around 1500 BC, the Minoan civilization ended abruptly
- Historians think it could have been an earthquake which leveled cities and their ships
- They could have been over ran by the Mycenaeans
- Some historians think Minoa could have been Atlantis
Plato
- Greek philosopher
- Only known source discussing location of Atlantis
Mycenaeans
- Controlled area around Greece form 1600 BC-1100 BC
- Heavily influence by the Minoans
- Much more warlike
- Known for trade around the Mediterranean Sea
- Known for their piracy on the seas surrounding Greece
- Known for their city-states- Athens, Mycenae, Pylos, and Tiryns
- Historians aren't sure if city-states were independent or more united
- Mycenaean's did unite to fight the Trojan War against Troy
- They Mycenaean's fell apart due to internal conflicts, wars as well as the sea people's sacking their city-states
- Eventually the Dorians come down from the north and took over Greece
Dorians 1150-750 BC
- Came from the area north of Greece
- Less advanced than the Mycenaean's
- Trade and culture slowed
- Greece went into a Dark Age
Homer
- Was a Greek epic poet from 750-700 BC
- Narrative poems celebrated heroic deeds
- The Iliad was about the Trojan War
- The Odyssey was a sequel that was after the Trojan War
Trojan War
- Fought between Mycenaean Greeks and Troy
- War began after the abduction of Queen Helen of Sparta by the Trojan prince, Paris
- Helen's husband, Menelaus, convinced his brother Agamemnon, King of Mycenae, to lead an expedition to get her back
- Agamemnon was joined by the Greek heroes Achilles and Odysseus
- They crossed the Aegean Sea and laid siege to Troy for nine years
- Laying siege- surround the cities, If you know you are not going to be able to invade them and cut off all supply lines (starve)
Ch. 5.2- Warring City States
- Polis- City
- Acropolis- A settlement in a city on higher ground used for defense and a place to discuss politics
Types of Government in City-states
- Monarchy- Government ruled by one person -king, queen
- Aristocracy- Government ruled by a small group of wealthy, landowning families
- Oligarchy- Government ruled by a fedw powerful people
- Tyrants- Powerful individuals who seize control from the government- could be good or bad
- Democracy- Ruled by the people - Athens had perhaps the world's first democracy- only allowed citizens to participate NO women, slaves, and foreigners
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